热源种质驱动温带玉米遗传改良的研究进展

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0753

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (8): 1-10.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0753

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 下一篇

热源种质驱动温带玉米遗传改良的研究进展

刘强力¹^,²(), 敖曼¹, 关义新¹, 韩可¹, 陈松³, 陈鑫⁴, 白玉梅⁵, 陈志远³, 崔震海¹()

¹ 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所黑土地保护与利用重点实验室/大豆分子设计育种重点实验室，长春 130102
² 中国科学院大学，北京 100049
³ 内蒙古兴丰种业有限公司，内蒙古乌兰浩特 137400
⁴ 内蒙古民族大学，内蒙古通辽 028043
⁵ 乌兰浩特市农牧技术推广中心，内蒙古乌兰浩特 137400

收稿日期:2025-09-05 修回日期:2025-12-11 出版日期:2026-04-25 发布日期:2026-04-23
通讯作者:
崔震海，男，1978年出生，辽宁沈阳人，研究员，博士，研究方向：玉米栽培生理和数量遗传学。通信地址：130102 吉林省长春市高新北区盛北大街4888号中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所，E-mail：cuizhenhai@iga.ac.cn。
作者简介:
刘强力，男，1999年出生，江西萍乡人，硕士，研究方向：作物遗传育种。通信地址：130102 吉林省长春市高新北区盛北大街4888号中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所，E-mail：l15170334955@163.com。
基金资助:
内蒙古自治区科技创新重大示范项目“北方春玉米矮杆早熟耐密高产种质创新与应用”(2025ZDSF0028); 内蒙古自治区生物育种技术创新中心科技支撑项目“生物育种玉米新品种选育及秸秆还田生态安全评估”(2024NSZC02)

Research Progress on Genetic Improvement of Temperate Maize Utilizing Tropical Maize Germplasm

LIU Qiangli¹^,²(), AO Man¹, GUAN Yixin¹, HAN Ke¹, CHEN Song³, CHEN Xin⁴, BAI Yumei⁵, CHEN Zhiyuan³, CUI Zhenhai¹()

¹ State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102
² University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
³ Inner Mongolia Xingfeng Seed Co. Ltd., Ulanhot, Inner Mongolia 137400
⁴ Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028043
⁵ Ulanhot Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion Center, Ulanhot, Inner Mongolia 137400

Received:2025-09-05 Revised:2025-12-11 Published:2026-04-25 Online:2026-04-23

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中国温带玉米育种存在遗传基础狭窄、抗性衰退、抗逆性不足、遗传多样性匮乏、病虫害加剧等问题。比较而言，热源玉米种质因丰富的遗传多样性、强抗逆性及与温带种质的显著杂种优势，成为拓宽温带种质遗传基础的重要资源。然而，热源种质的光温敏感性限制了其在温带地区的直接利用。本文系统综述了热源种质的育种价值，包括遗传多样性、杂种优势及多抗特性（如抗病虫、耐旱、耐高温等），总结了中国对'Suwan'、'Tuxpeno'等热带种质的引进与利用历程，详述了温热种质融合的成功案例'P群'种质的改良和利用。最后，聚焦玉米花期调控的光温响应分子机制，重点解析了成花素基因ZCN8在光周期途径中的核心作用，并探讨了温度敏感性对开花时间的潜在影响。鉴于目前光周期与温度信号协同调控玉米开花的具体互作机制仍不明确，本文展望通过多组学、遗传互作等技术深入解析，将为热源种质驱动温带玉米遗传改良提供更精准的理论支撑。

关键词: 玉米, 温热种质, 光温敏感性, 花期性状, 遗传多样性, 抗性

Abstract:

Maize breeding in temperate regions of China is confronted with problems including a narrow germplasm base, insufficient genetic diversity, and increasingly severe diseases and insect pests. In contrast, tropical maize germplasm has become an important resource for broadening the genetic basis of temperate germplasm, owing to its abundant genetic diversity, strong stress resistance, and significant heterosis when crossed with temperate germplasm. However, the photothermal sensitivity of tropical maize germplasm limits its direct use in temperate regions. This review systematically summarizes the breeding value of tropical maize germplasm, including its genetic diversity, heterosis and multi-stress resistance (e.g., to disease and insect resistance, drought tolerance, and high-temperature tolerance, etc.). It summarizes the history of introducing and utilizing tropical germplasm such as 'Suwan' and 'Tuxpeno' in China, and elaborates the improvement and utilization of 'P-group' germplasm, a successful case of tropical-temperate germplasm integration. Finally, focusing on the molecular mechanisms of photothermal responses in maize flowering regulation, we highlight the core role of the florigen gene ZCN8 in the photoperiod pathway, and discuss the potential effects of temperature sensitivity on flowering time. Given that the specific interaction mechanisms underlying the coordinated regulation of maize flowering by photoperiod and temperature signals remain unclear, this review prospects that in-depth dissection through multi-omics and genetic interaction technologies is urgently needed, which will provide more precise theoretical support for the genetic improvement of temperate maize driven by tropical germplasm.

Key words: maize, tropical-temperate germplasm, photothermal sensitivity, flowering time traits, genetic diversity, resistance

中图分类号:

S513玉米(玉蜀黍)

刘强力, 敖曼, 关义新, 韩可, 陈松, 陈鑫, 白玉梅, 陈志远, 崔震海. 热源种质驱动温带玉米遗传改良的研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2026, 42(8): 1-10.

LIU Qiangli, AO Man, GUAN Yixin, HAN Ke, CHEN Song, CHEN Xin, BAI Yumei, CHEN Zhiyuan, CUI Zhenhai. Research Progress on Genetic Improvement of Temperate Maize Utilizing Tropical Maize Germplasm[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2026, 42(8): 1-10.

图/表 2

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基因	基因功能注释	性状	参考文献
ZmUPA2	B3结构域转录因子	调控叶片角度	[22]
Zmtsh4	SBP-box转录因子	抑制营养侧枝（分蘖）发育、降低雄蕊小穗比例，明确侧枝性别、降低雄穗分枝数以优化株型、增加籽粒重量从而提高产量	[23]
Zmtb1	TCP转录因子	抑制侧枝分蘖	[24]
Zmgt1	同源结构域亮氨酸拉链蛋白	抑制分蘖芽	[25]
Zmtru1	BTB/POZ-锚蛋白重复序列蛋白	抑制分蘖、决定性别	[26]
Zmtga1	SBP结构域转录因子	控制种子裸露	[27]
Zmra1	转录因子	调控玉米花序分枝	[28]

基因	基因功能注释	性状	参考文献
ZmUPA2	B3结构域转录因子	调控叶片角度	[22]
Zmtsh4	SBP-box转录因子	抑制营养侧枝（分蘖）发育、降低雄蕊小穗比例，明确侧枝性别、降低雄穗分枝数以优化株型、增加籽粒重量从而提高产量	[23]
Zmtb1	TCP转录因子	抑制侧枝分蘖	[24]
Zmgt1	同源结构域亮氨酸拉链蛋白	抑制分蘖芽	[25]
Zmtru1	BTB/POZ-锚蛋白重复序列蛋白	抑制分蘖、决定性别	[26]
Zmtga1	SBP结构域转录因子	控制种子裸露	[27]
Zmra1	转录因子	调控玉米花序分枝	[28]

热源种质驱动温带玉米遗传改良的研究进展

Research Progress on Genetic Improvement of Temperate Maize Utilizing Tropical Maize Germplasm

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