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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (19): 210-218.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2026-0197

• 食品·营养·检测·安全 • 上一篇    

云南22个不同产地白及品质的综合评价

李茜1(), 李景宇1, 匡美龄1, 杨琳1, 陶春艳2, 方其仙1()   

  1. 1 云南农业职业技术学院， 昆明 650031
    2 宣威市福康生物科技有限公司， 云南宣威 655414
  • 收稿日期:2026-03-16 修回日期:2026-07-02 出版日期:2026-10-15 发布日期:2026-10-15
  • 通讯作者:
    方其仙，女，1979年出生，云南陆良人，教授，硕士，主要从事中药材栽培与加工技术的研究。通信地址：650031 云南省昆明市五华区人民西路壹号广场2栋 云南农业职业技术学院，Tel：0871-68875395，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    李茜，女，1992年出生，云南文山人，讲师，硕士，研究方向：中药材加工及药物制剂技术。通信地址：650031 云南省昆明市五华区茭菱路128号 云南农业职业技术学院，Tel：0871-68875395，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    云南农业职业技术学院科学研究基金重点项目“云南不同栽培白及的品质评价研究”(2024YNVC-ZD04)

Comprehensive Evaluation of Bletilla striata Quality from 22 Different Habitats in Yunnan

LI Xi1(), LI Jingyu1, KUANG Meiling1, YANG Lin1, TAO Chunyan2, FANG Qixian1()   

  1. 1 Yunnan Vocational and Technical College of Agriculture, Kunming 650031
    2 Xuanwei Fukang Biotechnology Limited Company, Xuanwei, Yunnan 655414
  • Received:2026-03-16 Revised:2026-07-02 Published:2026-10-15 Online:2026-10-15

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摘要： 为解决不同产地白及质量差异显著的问题，以云南22个不同产地的白及为研究对象，通过测定其浸出物、多糖、militarine、总酚及重金属(Pb、Cd、As、Hg、Cu)含量，结合指纹图谱、模糊物元评价和灰色模式识别等多元分析方法，对白及药材的品质进行综合评估与分析。结果表明，云南22个白及样品的浸出物、多糖、militarine、总酚含量范围分别为36.54%~79.42%、138.75%~327.66%、15.00~70.19 mg/g、2.12~11.26 mg/g。以指纹图谱5个共有峰为基础进行不同产地白及相似度评价，同时结合模糊物元与灰色关联分析，认为滇西高海拔产区白及综合品质最优。考虑白及重金属含量这一关键安全指标后，丽江市古城区七河镇前山村出产的白及品质更优。本研究弥补了传统依赖外观性状或单一成分评价白及的不足，有望推动基于数学模型、重金属含量等多指标的白及质量综合评价模式的建立。

关键词: 白及, 品质评价, 指纹图谱, 模糊物元, 灰色模式识别, 重金属

Abstract:

To address the issue of quality differences in Bletilla striata from different producing areas, 22 B. striata samples from different habitats in Yunnan were taken as the research objects. By determining the contents of extracts, polysaccharides, militarine, total phenols, and heavy metals (Pb, Cd, As, Hg, Cu), and combining fingerprint analysis, fuzzy matter-element evaluation, and grey pattern recognition methods, a comprehensive assessment and analysis were conducted to provide a scientific basis for the quality control of B. striata and the selection of planting areas. The results showed that the contents of extracts, polysaccharides, militarine, and total phenols in the 22 Yunnan B. striata samples were 36.54%-79.42%, 138.75%-327.66%, 15.00-70.19 mg/g, and 2.12-11.26 mg/g, respectively. Fingerprint analysis revealed five common peaks among the 22 different habitats in Yunnan, indicating that the quality of B. striata could not be distinguished by fingerprints alone. Combined with fuzzy matter-element and grey correlation analysis, it was concluded that the comprehensive quality of B. striata from high-altitude producing areas in western Yunnan was the best. When further considering the heavy metal content, B. striata produced in Qianshan Village, Qihe Town, Gucheng District, Lijiang City exhibited better quality. This study makes up for the deficiencies of traditional appearance-based or single-component evaluation of B. striata and is expected to promote the establishment of a comprehensive quality evaluation model for B. striata based on multiple indicators, including mathematical models and heavy metal content.

Key words: Bletilla striata, quality evaluation, fingerprint, fuzzy matter-element, gray pattern recognition, heavy metal

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