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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1): 136-141.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0425

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

杭州市碳酸盐岩发育的土壤中砷、镉和汞的富集特点

张舟娜1(), 马伟洪1, 章明奎2(), 沈建国1()   

  1. 1 杭州市余杭区农业生态与植物保护服务站，杭州 311121
    2 浙江大学环境与资源学院，杭州 310058
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-23 修回日期:2025-11-24 出版日期:2026-01-15 发布日期:2026-01-15
  • 通讯作者:
    沈建国，男，1966年出生，浙江余杭人，推广研究员，本科，主要从事土肥技术研究与推广方面的工作。通信地址：311121 杭州市余杭区文一西路1500号4号楼1410室 杭州市余杭区农业生态与植物保护服务站，Tel：0571-89517493，E-mail：。
    章明奎，男，1964年出生，浙江绍兴人，教授，博士，主要从事土壤质量管理方面的研究。通信地址：310058 杭州市西湖区余杭塘路866号 浙江大学紫金港校区环境与资源学院，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    张舟娜，女，1982年出生，浙江舟山人，农艺师，学士，主要从事农业生态与土肥技术的推广应用研究工作。通信地址：311121 浙江省杭州市余杭区文一西路1500号 杭州市余杭区农业生态与植物保护服务站，Tel：0571-89517493，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“亚热带小型海岛丘陵土壤的发生与空间分异及其土系建立的研究”(42271047)

Enrichment Characteristics of Arsenic, Cadmium and Mercury in Carbonate Rock Derived Soils in Hangzhou

ZHANG Zhouna1(), MA Weihong1, ZHANG Mingkui2(), SHEN Jianguo1()   

  1. 1 Yuhang District Agricultural Ecology and Plant Protection Service Station of Hangzhou, Hangzhou 311121
    2 College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058
  • Received:2025-05-23 Revised:2025-11-24 Published:2026-01-15 Online:2026-01-15

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摘要：

本研究聚焦于碳酸盐岩地区土壤形成过程中重金属的积累特点，以杭州市为例，依据母岩岩性将碳酸盐岩划分为3类，即纯碳酸盐岩（灰岩、白云质灰岩）、碳质碳酸盐岩（碳质灰岩、灰岩与碳质泥页岩互层岩）和含其他杂质碳酸盐岩（泥质灰岩、硅质灰岩和灰岩与泥质页岩互层岩）。通过采集土壤与对应的母岩样品，测定砷、镉、汞等元素的含量。结果表明，土壤中砷、镉、汞含量受母岩岩性显著影响，由高至低依次为纯碳酸盐岩发育土壤>碳质灰岩发育土壤>泥质灰岩发育土壤。其中，纯碳酸盐岩发育土壤中砷、镉、汞含量显著高于母岩，平均富集系数分别为7.72、10.05、6.17，且富集系数与母岩中氧化钙、氧化镁总含量和土壤pH呈正相关。碳质碳酸盐岩发育土壤中砷、镉、汞含量接近或略低于其母岩（平均富集系数分别为1.01、0.91、0.92），受母岩中氧化钙和氧化镁总含量影响较小。含其他杂质碳酸盐岩发育土壤中砷、镉、汞含量略高于对应的母岩，富集程度较低（平均富集系数分别为1.20、1.64、1.29），与母岩中氧化钙和氧化镁总含量呈不显著正相关。此外，不同母岩发育土壤中的镉化学形态组成存在一定差异。研究表明，纯碳酸盐岩成土过程伴随明显的重金属富集；碳质碳酸盐岩发育土壤中重金属含量具有继承性，成土过程中存在重金属的轻微淋失；含其他杂质碳酸盐岩发育土壤重金属兼具继承性与低程度富集性特征。

关键词: 碳酸盐岩, 岩性, 土壤, 重金属, 次生富集

Abstract:

The study aims to investigate the accumulation characteristics of heavy metals in soils during soil formation in carbonate rock regions. Taking Hangzhou City as an example, the carbonate rocks are divided into three categories according to the lithology of the parent rock: pure carbonate rocks (including limestone and dolomitic limestone), carbonaceous carbonate rocks (including carbonaceous limestone and interbedded rocks of limestone and carbonaceous mud shale), and other impurity-bearing carbonate rocks (including argillaceous limestone, siliceous limestone, and interbedded rocks of limestone and argillaceous shale). Soil samples and their corresponding parent rock samples were collected simultaneously, and the contents of elements such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg) were analyzed. The quantification of As, Cd, and Hg was performed using atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS), graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS), and cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS), respectively. Iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF). The results showed that the contents of As, Cd and Hg in the soils varied greatly due to the changes in the lithology of parent rocks, and followed the order: pure carbonate rock soil>carbonaceous limestone soil>argillaceous limestone soil. The average enrichment factors of soil As, Cd and Hg were 7.72, 10.05, and 6.17, respectively. The enrichment coefficients of As, Cd, and Hg in soil were positively correlated with the total content of calcium oxide and magnesium oxide in the parent rock and soil pH. The contents of As, Cd, and Hg in the soil developed from carbonaceous carbonate rocks were close to or slightly lower than those in their parent rocks (with average enrichment coefficients of 1.01, 0.91 and 0.92 respectively), and were less affected by the total content of calcium oxide and magnesium oxide in the parent rocks. The contents of As, Cd, and Hg in the soil developed from carbonate rocks containing other impurities were slightly higher than those in the corresponding parent rocks, with a relatively low enrichment degree (with average enrichment coefficients of 1.20, 1.64 and 1.29 respectively), and showed a slight positive correlation with the total content of calcium oxide and magnesium oxide in the parent rocks. The chemical forms of cadmium in soils developed from different parent rocks also showed certain differences. During the soil formation process of pure carbonate rocks, there was a significant enrichment of heavy metals; in the soils developed from carbonaceous carbonate rocks, heavy metals had inheritability and there was a slight leaching of heavy metals during the soil formation process; in the soils developed from carbonate rocks containing other impurities, heavy metals had both inheritability and enrichment, but the degree of enrichment was relatively low during the soil formation process.

Key words: carbonate rock, lithology, soil, heavy metals, secondary enrichment