欢迎访问《中国农学通报》，
中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1): 142-152.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0272

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

微生物菌剂对苹果苗生长和根际土壤微生物群落的影响

王文丽1(), 尹晓宁2(), 靳海波3, 马磊4, 牛军强2, 马明2   

  1. 1 甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所，兰州 730070
    2 甘肃省农业科学院林果花卉研究所，兰州 730070
    3 庄浪县农业技术推广中心，甘肃庄浪 744600
    4 庄浪县果树果品研究所，甘肃庄浪 744600
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-10 修回日期:2025-11-19 出版日期:2026-01-15 发布日期:2026-01-15
  • 通讯作者:
    尹晓宁，男，1969年出生，甘肃静宁人，研究员，本科，研究方向：果园水肥及果树生理。通信地址：730070 甘肃兰州安宁区农科院新村1号 甘肃省农业科学院果树研究所，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    王文丽，女，1968年出生，甘肃民勤人，研究员，学士，研究方向：主要从事农业废弃物肥料化利用技术研究。通信地址：730070 甘肃兰州安宁区农科院新村1号 甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所，Tel：0931-7611519，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    甘肃省农业科学院重点研发计划项目“苹果绿色重茬建园技术研发与集成示范”(2023GAAS15)

Effects of Microbial Agents on Apple Seedlings Growth and Rhizosphere Soil Microorganism

WANG Wenli1(), YIN Xiaoning2(), JIN Haibo3, MA Lei4, NIU Junqiang2, MA Ming2   

  1. 1 Institute of Soil, Fertilizer and Water-saving Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070
    2 Institute of Fruit and Floriculture Research, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070
    3 Zhuanglang County Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, Zhuanglang, Gansu 744660
    4 Zhuanglang County Institute of Fruit Trees and Fruits, Zhuanglang, Gansu 744660
  • Received:2025-04-10 Revised:2025-11-19 Published:2026-01-15 Online:2026-01-15

RichHTML

1

PDF (PC)

3

摘要： 为揭示微生物菌剂在缓解重茬苹果园连作障碍的微生态机理，以重茬苹果园土壤为基质，采用盆栽试验结合高通量测序技术，探究土壤修复菌剂（含长枝木霉、黑曲霉、解淀粉芽孢杆菌）和哈茨木霉菌剂对新疆野苹果苗生长及根际土壤微生物群落的调控效应。结果表明：（1）土壤修复菌剂可显著提升苹果苗叶片SPAD值，较连作对照(CK1)提高12.15%；2种菌剂均显著促进植株生长，其中土壤修复菌剂处理的壮苗指数较CK1提升146.51%，哈茨木霉菌剂处理提升25.58%；根系构型指标均显著增长，接种土壤修复菌剂和哈茨木霉菌剂与CK1相比，苹果苗的总根长、总根表面积、根系平均直径、根系总体积、根尖数别增加123.20%和35.50%、146.34%和42.25%、9.55%和5.10%、178.95%和48.37%、136.06%和22.12%，土壤修复菌剂的促生效应显著优于哈茨木霉菌剂。（2）菌剂可重塑根际微生物群落结构，显著提高细菌群落谱系多样性，降低真菌群落多样性与均匀度。接种这2种菌剂，苹果苗根际土壤中木霉菌属的相对丰度显著高于3个对照处理，镰刀菌属的相对丰度显著低于3个对照处理。木霉菌属和镰刀菌属是造成苹果苗根际土壤真菌群落结构差异的关键菌属。接种2种菌剂的苹果苗根际土壤中单核胞藻属的相对丰度显著低于CK1处理；接种土壤修复菌剂的处理藤黄色杆菌属的相对丰度显著低于CK1处理，假单胞菌的相对丰度显著高于CK1处理；接种哈茨木霉菌剂处理溶杆菌属的相对丰度显著高于CK1处理。藤黄色杆菌属、假单胞菌属、单核胞藻属、溶杆菌属是造成苹果苗根际土壤细菌群落结构差异的关键菌属。综上，土壤修复菌剂和哈茨木霉菌剂施用于重茬苹果园土壤上，能显著改变苹果苗根际土壤微生物结构和功能，促进苹果苗生长。

关键词: 微生物菌剂, 苹果苗, 重茬, 连作障碍, 根际土壤微生物群落, 根际土壤微生物多样性

Abstract:

This study is intended to clarify the role and mechanism of microbial agents in alleviating continuous cropping obstacles in apple orchards. A combination of pot experiments, high-throughput sequencing, and bioinformatics analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of soil remediation microbial agents and Trichoderma harzianum agent on apple seedling growth and the rhizosphere soil microbial community. The results showed that in continuous cropping apple orchard soil, inoculation with the soil remediation microbial agents significantly enhanced the SPAD value of apple seedling leaves, and rose by 12.15% when it compared with CK1. The inoculation of both soil remediation microbial agent and Trichoderma harzianum agent were more favorable to apple seedling growth than CK1. The application of soil remediation microbial agent and Trichoderma harzianum increased the apple seedling index by 146.51% and 25.58%, respectively. Meanwhile, total root length, total root surface area, average root diameter, total root volume, and root tip number were raised by 123.20% and 35.50%, 146.34% and 42.25%, 9.55% and 5.10%, 178.95% and 48.37%, 136.06% and 22.12%, correspondingly. Apple orchards which inoculated with the soil remediation microbial agents and Trichoderma harzianum agent significantly enhanced the phylogenetic diversity of bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soil while reducing the diversity and evenness of fungal communities. Inoculation with these two agents, the relative abundance of Trichoderma species was significantly higher than three control treatments, whereas the relative abundance of Fusarium species were decreased. Trichoderma and Fusarium species were key factors to the differences in the fungal community structure of rhizosphere soil. The relative abundance of Pyrinomonas was significantly lower in the two inoculated treatments compared to CK1. The soil remediation microbial agent treatment significantly decreased the relative abundance of Luteitalea while increasing the relative abundance of Luteitalea pseudomonas, whereas the Trichoderma harzianum agent treatment significantly increased the relative abundance of Lysobacte. Pyrinomonas, Luteitalea, Pseudomonas and Lysobacte were identified as important species driving differences in the bacterial community structure of rhizosphere soil. In conclusion, the application of the soil remediation microbial agent and Trichoderma harzianum agent in continuous cropping apple orchard soil substantially enhanced the microbial structure and function of the rhizosphere soil, benefited apple seedling growth.

Key words: microbial agents, apple seedlings, continuous cropping, continuous cropping obstacles, rhizosphere soil microbial community, rhizosphere soil microbial diversity