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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (3): 76-80.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0127

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

蔬菜秸秆配合石灰氮土壤消毒研究

闫实1(), 梁金凤1, 刘瑜1, 于跃跃1, 韩宝2, 郭宁1()   

  1. 1 北京市耕地建设保护中心，北京 100101
    2 北京市房山区种植业技术推广站，北京 102401
  • 收稿日期:2023-02-10 修回日期:2023-05-08 出版日期:2024-01-17 发布日期:2024-01-17
  • 通讯作者:
    郭宁，男，1981年出生，山东东营人，正高级农艺师，硕士，主要从事耕地质量提升与农业废弃物综合处理。通信地址：100101 北京市朝阳区慧忠寺96号 北京市耕地建设保护中心，Tel：010-82078441，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    闫实，女，1990年出生，北京人，高级农艺师，硕士研究生，主要从事土壤肥料研究与推广工作。通信地址：100101 北京市朝阳区慧忠寺96号 北京市耕地建设保护中心，Tel：010-82078460，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    “耕地质量保护与建设技术试验与示范”(20221026)

Study on Soil Disinfection with Vegetable Straw and Lime Nitrogen

YAN Shi1(), LIANG Jinfeng1, LIU Yu1, YU Yueyue1, HAN Bao2, GUO Ning1()   

  1. 1 Beijing Cultivated Land Construction and Protection Center, Beijing 100101
    2 Fangshan Planting Technology Promotion Station of Beijing, Beijing 102401
  • Received:2023-02-10 Revised:2023-05-08 Published-:2024-01-17 Online:2024-01-17

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摘要：

针对设施老菜田连作障碍严重、根结线虫发病率高等问题，在夏季休闲期进行石灰氮高温消毒的基础上，利用蔬菜秸秆替代麦秸进行消毒效果研究。试验结果表明：通过对蔬菜秸秆配合石灰氮土壤消毒和传统石灰氮土壤消毒2种消毒方式进行比较，蔬菜秸秆配合石灰氮进行土壤消毒后可以有效减少土壤中80%以上根结线虫，降低根结线虫的发病率，消毒后土壤中三大菌群数量（细菌、真菌、放线菌）均减少，通过添加微生物菌剂后可恢复土壤生物肥力；同时对下茬作物产量和品质均有提高，较传统消毒方式番茄产量高9.50%，VC含量高2.77%；蔬菜秸秆中的养分经高温腐熟后还回到地里，增加了土壤中的养分，使收获期土壤有机质含量增幅达为8.22%，氮、磷、钾含量增幅分别为15.02%、12.53%和8.62%。因此，石灰氮高温消毒过程中添加蔬菜秸秆，可以有效替代麦秸，不仅能减少土壤中根结线虫数量，还能提高下茬作物产量和品质，并且蔬菜秸秆在棚内就地粉碎、就地处理，有效解决了蔬菜废弃物的循环再利用。

关键词: 土壤消毒, 石灰氮, 蔬菜秸秆, 番茄, 连作障碍, 根结线虫

Abstract:

To solve the problems of serious continuous cropping obstacles and high incidence rate of root knot nematodes in protected old vegetable fields, the disinfection effect of vegetable straw instead of wheat straw was studied on the basis of lime nitrogen high-temperature disinfection in summer leisure period. The test results showed that by comparing the two disinfection methods of vegetable straw with lime nitrogen soil disinfection and traditional lime nitrogen soil disinfection, vegetable straw with lime nitrogen soil disinfection could effectively reduce more than 80% of root knot nematodes in soil, reduce the incidence rate of root knot nematodes, and reduce the number of three major bacterial groups (bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes) in soil after disinfection, and soil biological fertility could be restored by adding microbial agents. At the same time, the yield and quality of the next crop were improved by 9.50%, and the VC content was 2.77% higher, compared with the traditional sterilization method. The nutrients in the vegetable stalks returned to the soil after high temperature decomposition, and increased the nutrients in the soil, making the content of soil organic matter increase by 8.22%, and the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium increase by 15.02%, 12.53% and 8.62%, respectively. Therefore, adding vegetable straw during lime nitrogen high-temperature disinfection could effectively replace wheat straw, which could not only reduce the number of root-knot nematodes in the soil, but also improve the yield and quality of the next crop. The vegetable straw was crushed and treated on the spot in the shed, effectively solving the recycling and reuse of vegetable waste.

Key words: soil disinfection, lime nitrogen, vegetable straw, tomato, continuous cropping obstacle, root-knot nematode