微生物菌剂菌肥对西瓜连作障碍的缓解作用

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0768

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (28): 48-53.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0768

微生物菌剂菌肥对西瓜连作障碍的缓解作用

朱诗君¹(), 王丽丽¹, 金树权¹(), 汪峰¹, 周金波¹, 卢晓红²

¹ 宁波市农业科学研究院/宁波市特色农产品质量安全检测与控制重点实验室，浙江宁波 315101
² 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所，北京 100193

收稿日期:2022-09-07 修回日期:2023-04-06 出版日期:2023-10-05 发布日期:2023-09-25
通讯作者: 金树权，男，1981年出生，浙江嵊州人，副研究员，博士，研究方向为设施瓜果连作障碍治理及水环境治理等研究。通信地址：315101 浙江省宁波市鄞州区德厚街19号宁波市农业科学研究院，Tel：0574-89184035，E-mail：jinshuq@126.com。
作者简介:
朱诗君，男，1991年出生，浙江温州人，助理研究员，博士，研究方向为农用微生物资源的开发及应用，通信地址：315101 浙江省宁波市鄞州区德厚街19号宁波市农业科学研究院，Tel：0574-87184036，E-mail：1227935418@qq.com。
基金资助:
宁波市农科院-中国农科院科技合作创新工程项目“设施瓜果主要连作障碍因子综合治理技术研发及应用”(2019CXG003); 宁波市特色农产品质量安全检测与控制重点实验室开放课题基金

The Alleviating Effect of Microbial Fertilizer on Watermelon Continuous Cropping Obstacles

ZHU Shijun¹(), WANG Lili¹, JIN Shuquan¹(), WANG Feng¹, ZHOU Jinbo¹, LU Xiaohong²

¹ Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Science/ Ningbo Key Laboratory of Testing and Control for Characteristic Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315101
² Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193

Received:2022-09-07 Revised:2023-04-06 Published-:2023-10-05 Online:2023-09-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确微生物菌剂菌肥对西瓜连作障碍方面的作用，设置普通有机肥+灭活微生物菌剂(CK)、普通有机肥+微生物菌剂(T₁)、生物有机肥+灭活微生物菌剂(T₂)、生物有机肥+微生物菌剂(T₃)共4个处理，追踪西瓜的生长、产量品质以及土壤生物学特性的变化趋势。结果表明，T₃能有效促进西瓜生长发育，对比西瓜幼苗期到膨果期的生长指标变化率，T₃的主蔓长、茎粗以及叶绿素较CK分别提高18.04%、17.21%与20.09%。T₃对西瓜蔓枯病与枯萎病有明显抑制作用，防效分别达到12.81%与9.32%。T₃提高各批次西瓜果实产量，较CK分别提高18.59%、19.11%，使西瓜果实的可溶性固形物提高10.67%、13.26%，使维生素C提高6.42%、5.32%。此外，微生物菌剂菌肥还有利于改善土壤的生物学特性，相较于试验前，T₃处理的酸性磷酸单酯酶高6.65%、脲酶活性高9.61%、过氧化氢酶活高3.23%、蔗糖酶活高3.43%。同时提高土壤细菌与放线菌生物量，降低真菌生物量，区系特征由真菌型向细菌型转变。综上所述，以生物有机肥底肥并追施微生物菌剂，可以促进西瓜生长，提高西瓜产量品质，抑制土传病害，同时改善土壤生物学特性，对西瓜连作障碍的缓解有一定的积极作用。

关键词: 微生物菌剂菌肥, 西瓜, 土传病害, 连作障碍, 土壤酶活

Abstract:

To clarify the effect of microbial inoculants on watermelon continuous cropping obstacles, 4 treatments including ordinary organic fertilizer+ inactivated microbial inoculants (CK), ordinary organic fertilizer+ microbial inoculants (T₁), biological organic fertilizer+ inactivated microbial inoculants (T₂), bio-organic fertilizer+ microbial inoculants (T₃) were set, and the change of watermelon growth, yield and quality, and soil biological characteristics were tracked. The results showed that T₃ could effectively promote the growth and development of watermelon. Compared with CK, the main vine length, stem thickness and chlorophyll of T₃ increased by 18.04%, 17.21% and 20.09% from seedling stage to fruit expansion stage, respectively. T₃ had a significant inhibitory effect on watermelon vine blight and Fusarium wilt, with protection effect of 12.81% and 9.32%, respectively. T₃ increased the yield of each batch of watermelon fruits by 18.59% and 19.11%, respectively, and increased the soluble solids by 10.67% and 13.26%, and vitamin C by 6.42% and 5.32% comparing with CK. In addition, the microbial inoculum fertilizer was also conducive to improving the biological characteristics of the soil. Compared with the data before the test, activity of acid phosphate monoesterase, urease, catalaseby and sucrose of T₃ treatment were increased by 6.65%, 9.61%, 3.23%, and 3.43%, respectively. Furthermore, the biomass of soil bacteria and actinomycetes were increased, and the biomass of fungi was reduced, the flora characteristics changed from “fungal type” to “bacterial type”. In summary, using bio-organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer and topdressing microbial inoculants could promote watermelon growth, increase watermelon yield and quality, inhibit soil-borne diseases, and improve soil biological characteristics, which has a positive effect on alleviating watermelon continuous cropping obstacles.

Key words: microbial fertilizer, watermelon, soil-borne diseases, continuous cropping obstacles, soil enzyme activity

朱诗君, 王丽丽, 金树权, 汪峰, 周金波, 卢晓红. 微生物菌剂菌肥对西瓜连作障碍的缓解作用[J]. 中国农学通报, 2023, 39(28): 48-53.

ZHU Shijun, WANG Lili, JIN Shuquan, WANG Feng, ZHOU Jinbo, LU Xiaohong. The Alleviating Effect of Microbial Fertilizer on Watermelon Continuous Cropping Obstacles[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(28): 48-53.

图/表 5

参考文献 26

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生长指标	处理	幼苗期	伸蔓期	坐果期	膨果期
主蔓长/cm	CK	14.36±1.62a	78.63±11.53b	158.92±15.62b	173.12±13.29b
	T₁	14.61±2.39a	87.86±7.30b	163.38±9.62b	189.53±10.64b
	T₂	15.07±2.68a	91.25±8.24a	171.50±9.96a	208.57±9.46a
	T₃	15.14±3.10a	115.04±6.87a	178.69±13.62a	212.73±10.73a
茎粗/mm	CK	3.51±0.39a	4.36±0.55a	5.49±0.62a	6.11±0.51b
	T₁	3.64±0.52a	4.52±0.43a	5.62±0.56a	6.61±0.39b
	T₂	3.85±0.49a	4.79±0.53a	5.71±0.66a	7.05±0.52a
	T₃	3.87±0.16a	4.85±0.17a	5.83±0.22a	7.23±0.35a
叶绿素SPAD	CK	49.87±1.62a	52.50±2.74a	54.64±1.98a	55.13±0.92a
	T₁	49.93±0.92a	53.04±3.74a	55.92±2.25a	56.25±1.25a
	T₂	50.63±2.09a	54.46±2.06a	56.05±1.56a	57.03±1.58a
	T₃	51.63±2.25a	54.82±3.99a	56.62±3.11a	58.17±2.10a

生长指标	处理	幼苗期	伸蔓期	坐果期	膨果期
主蔓长/cm	CK	14.36±1.62a	78.63±11.53b	158.92±15.62b	173.12±13.29b
	T₁	14.61±2.39a	87.86±7.30b	163.38±9.62b	189.53±10.64b
	T₂	15.07±2.68a	91.25±8.24a	171.50±9.96a	208.57±9.46a
	T₃	15.14±3.10a	115.04±6.87a	178.69±13.62a	212.73±10.73a
茎粗/mm	CK	3.51±0.39a	4.36±0.55a	5.49±0.62a	6.11±0.51b
	T₁	3.64±0.52a	4.52±0.43a	5.62±0.56a	6.61±0.39b
	T₂	3.85±0.49a	4.79±0.53a	5.71±0.66a	7.05±0.52a
	T₃	3.87±0.16a	4.85±0.17a	5.83±0.22a	7.23±0.35a
叶绿素SPAD	CK	49.87±1.62a	52.50±2.74a	54.64±1.98a	55.13±0.92a
	T₁	49.93±0.92a	53.04±3.74a	55.92±2.25a	56.25±1.25a
	T₂	50.63±2.09a	54.46±2.06a	56.05±1.56a	57.03±1.58a
	T₃	51.63±2.25a	54.82±3.99a	56.62±3.11a	58.17±2.10a

处理	蔓枯病		枯萎病
处理	病情指数	平均防效	病情指数	平均防效
CK	18.26±1.95a		5.15±1.27a
T₁	16.88±1.76a	7.56	4.98±0.69a	3.30
T₂	17.26±3.13a	5.48	5.09±0.96a	1.16
T₃	15.92±2.16a	12.81	4.67±1.58a	9.32

处理	蔓枯病		枯萎病
处理	病情指数	平均防效	病情指数	平均防效
CK	18.26±1.95a		5.15±1.27a
T₁	16.88±1.76a	7.56	4.98±0.69a	3.30
T₂	17.26±3.13a	5.48	5.09±0.96a	1.16
T₃	15.92±2.16a	12.81	4.67±1.58a	9.32

批次	处理	单果重/kg	小区坐果数	产量/(t/hm²)	果皮厚/mm	可溶性固形物/%	可滴定酸/%	维生素C/(mg/100 g)
第1批	CK	4.94±0.25a	29.00±3.82b	35.82±6.16b	10.12±1.27a	10.3±0.2a	0.13±0.05a	27.39±4.57b
	T₁	5.27±0.31a	30.33±5.47a	39.96±4.21a	10.05±0.96a	11.2±0.5a	0.13±0.07a	28.67±0.15a
	T₂	5.20±0.64a	31.67±294a	41.17±5.35a	9.89±0.44a	10.8±0.7a	0.11±0.06a	29.01±0.63a
	T₃	5.31±0.64a	32.00±3.82a	42.48±7.32a	10.01±1.82a	11.4±0.8a	0.11±0.04a	29.15±0.22a
第2批	CK	4.83±0.32a	28.08±4.47b	33.91±4.13b	11.03±2.35a	9.8±0.1a	0.15±0.08a	27.08±0.28b
	T₁	5.06±0.52a	29.33±3.95a	37.10±6.79a	10.81±1.33a	10.9±0.3a	0.16±0.05a	27.29±0.35b
	T₂	5.10±0.55a	30.00±5.47a	38.25±5.28a	10.65±0.92a	10.4±0.5a	0.13±0.03a	28.47±0.55a
	T₃	5.20±0.26a	31.07±3.82a	40.39±7.10a	10.86±0.58a	11.1±0.2a	0.14±0.07a	28.52±0.63a

微生物菌剂菌肥对西瓜连作障碍的缓解作用

The Alleviating Effect of Microbial Fertilizer on Watermelon Continuous Cropping Obstacles

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处理	酸性磷酸单酯酶活性/[nmol/(h·g)]	脲酶活性/[μg/(d·g)]	过氧化氢酶活性/[μmol/(h·g)]	蔗糖酶活性/[mg/(d·g)]
试验前	668.87±26.35a	292.10±25.68a	475.68±29.85a	35.27±0.59b
CK	662.31±33.29a	291.37±37.25a	471.30±25.36a	35.29±0.68b
T₁	676.19±29.87a	294.22±12.19a	479.35±33.27a	35.37±0.92b
T₂	691.29±19.87a	297.39±11.39a	485.37±19.22a	36.19±0.87a
T₃	713.38±34.69a	320.18±21.56a	491.05±31.96a	36.48±1.03a

处理	细菌/(×10⁸ CFU/g)	真菌/(×10⁴ CFU/g)	细菌/真菌(×10³)	放线菌/(×10⁴ CFU/g)
试验前	5.9±1.1b	31.3±4.9a	2.88	24.1±2.52a
CK	5.6±0.9b	36.9±5.8a	1.52	23.7±0.98a
T₁	6.9±1.3b	30.8±6.6a	2.24	25.6±1.32a
T₂	8.3±2.6a	21.8±3.3b	3.81	28.7±2.35a
T₃	11.7±2.2a	15.5±4.3c	7.55	30.8±1.98a

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