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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (10): 38-44.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0423

所属专题： 园艺

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

基质栽培模式对温室西瓜生长、产量和品质的影响

陈亮(), 栾倩倩, 蔺毅, 张自强   

  1. 甘肃省农业工程技术研究院，甘肃武威 733006
  • 收稿日期:2022-05-26 修回日期:2022-11-15 出版日期:2023-04-05 发布日期:2023-03-27
  • 通讯作者: 陈亮，男，1989年出生，甘肃武威人，助理研究员，硕士，研究方向为设施蔬菜生理与栽培技术研究。通信地址：733006 甘肃省武威市凉州区黄羊镇新镇路234号 甘肃省农业工程技术研究院设施农业与装备研究所，E-mail：chenliang144358@163.com。
  • 作者简介:

    陈亮，男，1989年出生，甘肃武威人，助理研究员，硕士，研究方向为设施蔬菜生理与栽培技术研究。通信地址：733006 甘肃省武威市凉州区黄羊镇新镇路234号 甘肃省农业工程技术研究院设施农业与装备研究所，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    甘肃省陇原青年创新创业人才（个人）项目“河西戈壁设施农业药渣基质化利用关键技术研究与应用”(2021LQGR09); 甘肃省青年科技基金计划“设施黄沙栽培西瓜对灌水量的生长及生理响应”(20JR5RA067); 甘肃省农业工程技术研究院创新基金项目“戈壁设施西瓜中药渣复合栽培基质配方筛选”(2020年青年基金); 甘肃省青年科技基金计划项目(21JR7RA753)

Effects of Substrate Cultivation Modes on Greenhouse Watermelon Growth, Yield and Quality

CHEN Liang(), LUAN Qianqian, LIN Yi, ZHANG Ziqiang   

  1. Gansu Provincial Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Wuwei, Gansu 733006
  • Received:2022-05-26 Revised:2022-11-15 Online:2023-04-05 Published:2023-03-27

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摘要：

为筛选温室西瓜最适宜的复合基质栽培模式。以设施主栽的小果型西瓜品种为试材，采用复合基质坑点式栽培(T1)、基质袋培(T2)、基质枕栽培(T3)、地上槽式栽培(T4)和地下槽式栽培(T5)5种栽培模式，各栽培模式互为对照，探究基质栽培模式对温室西瓜植株生长、产量和品质的影响。结果表明，在开花坐果期，T4处理的株高、节间长度、叶片数、SPAD值、净光合速率(Pn)和胞间CO2浓度(Ci)分别较T3处理显著增加了60.81%、20.63%、25.49%、13.77%、6.34%和8.56%，T3处理的气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)分别较T4处理显著增加了65.71%和14.99%；在果实膨大期，T4处理的株高、茎粗和叶片数分别较T3处理显著增加了86.75%、22.42%和16.79%；在成熟期，T4处理的株高、茎粗、节间长度、叶片数、地上部鲜质量、地下部鲜质量、地上部干质量、地下部干质量和果实产量达到最大值，且显著高于T3处理；T3处理的中心糖含量和边糖含量均为最高，中心糖含量显著高于其他各处理，边糖含量显著高于T1、T4和T5处理。综上所述，5种栽培模式均可用于温室西瓜生产，但地上槽式栽培模式有利于促进西瓜的生长发育并提高产量，其西瓜长势最好，果实产量最高，基质枕栽培模式有利于增加果实含糖量，果实品质表现最好。

关键词: 温室西瓜, 药渣复合基质, 植株生长, 光合特性, 产量品质

Abstract:

To screen the most suitable Chinese medicine residue compound substrate cultivation mode for watermelon in greenhouse, in this study, main small-fruit watermelon varieties planted in greenhouse were used as the test materials. Five cultivation modes were adopted, including pit cultivation (T1), substrate bag cultivation (T2), substrate pillow cultivation (T3), aboveground trough cultivation (T4) and underground trough cultivation (T5), to explore the effects of different substrate cultivation modes on the growth, yield and quality of watermelon in greenhouse. The results showed that in the flowering and fruit setting stage, compared with those of T3, the plant height, internode length, number of leaves, SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) of T4 significantly increased by 60.81%, 20.63%, 25.49%, 13.77%, 6.34% and 8.56%, respectively; while the stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) of T3 increased significantly by 65.71% and 14.99%, respectively, compared with those of T4. In the fruit enlargement stage, the plant height, stem diameter and number of leaves of T4 increased significantly by 86.75%, 22.42% and 16.79%, respectively, compared with those of T3. At the maturity stage, the plant height, stem diameter, internode length, number of leaves, fresh weight of aboveground part, fresh weight of underground part, dry weight of aboveground part, dry weight of underground part, and fruit yield of T4 reached the maximum value, and were significantly higher than those of T3. The content of center sugar and edge sugar were the highest in T3, the center sugar content was significantly higher than that of other treatments, and the edge sugar content was significantly higher than that of T1, T4 and T5 treatments. In summary, the five cultivation modes can all be used for the production and cultivation of watermelon in greenhouse, but the aboveground trough cultivation mode is more conducive to promoting the growth and development of watermelon and increasing the fruit yield, and the watermelon growth is the best and the fruit yield is the highest. The substrate pillow cultivation mode is beneficial to increasing the sugar content of fruit, and the watermelon fruit quality is the best.

Key words: greenhouse watermelon, traditional Chinese medicine residue compound substrate, plant growth, photosynthetic characteristics, yield and quality