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中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (3): 36-42.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0341

所属专题: 生物技术 玉米 烟草种植与生产

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

几种有机肥对玉米光合特性及土壤酶活性的影响

赵旭1,2(), 宋清晖3, 王晓慧1,2, 王学刚3, 冯宇涵1,2, 孙思淼1,2, 李洪涛3, 常伟1,2(), 宋福强1,2()   

  1. 1黑龙江大学生命学院/农业微生物技术教育部工程研究中心,哈尔滨 150500
    2黑龙江大学生命学院/黑龙江省寒地生态修复与资源利用重点实验室,哈尔滨 150080
    3黑龙江省庆东阳光农业生物科技股份有限公司,黑龙江肇东 151100
  • 收稿日期:2020-08-07 修回日期:2020-10-19 出版日期:2021-01-25 发布日期:2021-01-26
  • 通讯作者: 常伟,宋福强
  • 作者简介:赵旭,男,1997年出生,黑龙江齐齐哈尔人,本科,主要从事微生物生态学研究。通信地址:150080 黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区学府路74号 黑龙江大学生命科学学院,E-mail: zx18846830131@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    黑龙江省自然科学基金研究团队项目“寒区农业土壤面源污染微生物调控技术的研究”(TD2019C002)

Several Organic Fertilizers: Effects on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Maize and Soil Enzyme Activities

Zhao Xu1,2(), Song Qinghui3, Wang Xiaohui1,2, Wang Xuegang3, Feng Yuhan1,2, Sun Simiao1,2, Li Hongtao3, Chang Wei1,2(), Song Fuqiang1,2()   

  1. 1Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150500
    2Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization in the Cold Region of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080
    3Heilongjiang Qingdong Sunshine Agricultural Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhaodong Heilongjiang 151100
  • Received:2020-08-07 Revised:2020-10-19 Online:2021-01-25 Published:2021-01-26
  • Contact: Chang Wei,Song Fuqiang

摘要:

为了比较研究有机肥、化肥对玉米生产能力的影响,为北方黑土地区有机肥与化肥的施用提供科学依据。大田条件下对玉米施用4种有机肥和传统化肥,测定玉米产量、叶片光合特性、土壤酶活性以及丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)侵染情况等指标。结果表明:超效有机肥(T4)处理下的玉米产量为9800 kg/hm2,相比于传统化肥(CK)增产11.53%,达到显著水平,菌糠+鸡粪+腐殖酸有机肥(T2)同CK产量差异不显著;T2、T4处理下玉米叶片光合特性均高于CK,分别增加了32.34%(T2)、24.10%(T4);酶活性方面菌糠+鸡粪+枯草芽孢杆菌腐熟有机肥(T3)处理下碱性磷酸酶活性最高,较CK提高31.80%,T4处理下蔗糖酶活性最高,较CK提高30.91%。4种有机肥相比于CK均显著增加了玉米根系AMF侵染率与总球囊霉素含量,T2处理下的AMF侵染率与总球囊霉素最高,较CK分别增加了58.90%、8.52%。本试验结果表明超效有机肥、菌糠+鸡粪+腐殖酸有机肥在替代化肥施用中具有减施化肥、增产增效的作用。

关键词: 玉米, 有机肥, 光合特性, 土壤酶, 丛枝菌根真菌

Abstract:

To compare the effect of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on maize production capacity, and provide scientific evidence for the application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer in black soil of northeast China, in a field experiment, four kinds of organic fertilizers and traditional chemical fertilizer were applied. The yield and leaf photosynthetic characteristics of maize, soil enzyme activity and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonization were determined as research indicators. The results showed that in the treatment of super effective organic fertilizer (T4), the yield of maize was 9800 kg/hm2, which was 11.53% higher than that of traditional chemical fertilizer (CK), and reached a significant level. There was no significant difference between the yield of mushroom bran + chicken manure + humic acid organic fertilizer (T2) and CK. The photosynthetic characteristics of maize leaves in T2 and T4 treatments were higher than those of CK, increased by 32.34% (T2) and 24.10% (T4), respectively. In terms of enzyme activity, the alkaline phosphatase activity of mushroom bran + chicken manure + decomposed organic fertilizer by Bacillus subtilis (T3) was the highest, increased by 31.80% compared with that of CK. The sucrase enzyme activity under T4 treatment was the highest, increased by 30.91% compared with that of CK. Compared with CK, the four kinds of organic fertilizers significantly improved AMF colonization in maize roots and total glomalin. AMF colonization and total glomalin in T2 treatment were the highest, increased by 58.90% and 8.52%, respectively. It is indicated that super effect organic fertilizer and mushroom bran + chicken manure + humic acid organic fertilizer could reduce the application of chemical fertilizer and increase production and efficiency in replacing chemical fertilizer application.

Key words: Zea mays, organic fertilizer, photosynthetic characteristics, soil enzyme, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)

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