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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (3): 31-35.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200300239

所属专题： 小麦

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同种子包衣剂对小麦产量及根际土壤的影响

符慧娟1(), 李星月1, 杨武云2, 李其勇1, 魏会廷1, 易军1, 张鸿3()   

  1. 1四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所/农业部西南作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,成都 610066
    2四川省农业科学院作物研究所/农业部西南地区小麦生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,成都 610066
    3四川省农业科学院,成都 610066
  • 收稿日期:2019-03-24 修回日期:2020-05-24 出版日期:2021-01-25 发布日期:2021-01-26
  • 通讯作者: 张鸿
  • 作者简介:符慧娟,女,1991年出生,四川自贡人,实习研究员,硕士,主要从事有害生物综合防治研究。通信地址：610066 成都市锦江区静居寺路20号 四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所,Tel：028-84592662,E-mail： 1506756386@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项“西南丘陵旱地粮油作物节水节肥节药综合技术集成与示范”(201503127);四川省农业科学院前沿学科研究基金“基于生物合理设计原理的RNAi加速昆虫病原线虫侵染寄主的机制”(2019QYXK027)

Different Seed Coating Formulations: Effects on Wheat Yield and Rhizosphere Soil

Fu Huijuan1(), Li Xingyue1, Yang Wuyun2, Li Qiyong1, Wei Huiting1, Yi Jun1, Zhang Hong3()   

  1. 1Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610066
    2Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Southwest Biology and Genetic Breeding in Wheat, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610066
    3Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066
  • Received:2019-03-24 Revised:2020-05-24 Online:2021-01-25 Published:2021-01-26
  • Contact: Zhang Hong

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摘要：

为了减少化学农药在小麦种子包衣中的施用,本研究利用生物包衣剂和化学包衣剂对小麦生长发育、产量性状、产量及小麦根际土壤环境等进行分析。包衣剂选用吡虫啉作为化学包衣剂(T1)、内生芽孢杆菌作为生物包衣剂(T2),分别测定小麦生长发育初期的土壤理化性质和土壤酶活,并调查两种处理下小麦开花期的叶绿素和叶片氮含量、小麦灌浆期叶片光合参数、小麦成熟期的主要性状指标及产量情况。与CK处理对比结果显示,T2处理的小麦土壤硝态氮含量显著升高,土壤pH和土壤有机质含量也明显升高,土壤过氧化氢酶(S-CAT)、土壤蔗糖酶(S-SC)、土壤脲酶(S-UE)、土壤酸性磷酸酶(S-ACP)的酶活性得到显著提高,小麦旗叶的光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)分别提高了21.90%、52.04%,胞间CO2浓度(Ci)降低了5.15%,与T1处理对比,T2处理的能够显著增强S-CAT(23.30%)、S-UE(31.99%)、S-ACP(38.54%)的酶活;此外,T2处理的小麦主要性状及产量得到了显著提高,其小麦产量达到6.25 t/hm2,比CK增加了36.00%,比T1处理增加了21.12%。内生芽孢杆菌作为生物包衣剂主要成分,能够在一定程度上改良小麦土壤环境,更能促进小麦的生长发育,提高小麦灌浆率和产量。

关键词: 吡虫啉, 内生芽孢杆菌, 土壤酶活, 土壤环境, 产量, 绿色生产

Abstract:

In order to reduce the use of the chemical pesticides, the growth, yield traits, yield and rhizosphere soil environment of wheat were analyzed by using biological and chemical coating formulation in this study. Imidacloprid was used as chemical seed coating formulation (T1), while endogenous Bacillus was used as biological seed coating formulation (T2). The soil enzyme activities and soil physical and chemical properties in the early stage of wheat growth and development were determined, respectively. Moreover, the contents of chlorophyll and nitrogen in leaves at the flowering stage, photosynthetic parameters at the filling stage, main character indexes and yield of wheat at the maturity stage were investigated. Compared with CK treatment, the content of nitrate nitrogen in the soil, and the soil enzyme activities, such as soil catalase (S-CAT), soil sucrase (S-SC), soil urease (S-UE), and soil acid phosphatase (S-ACP) of T2 treatment increased significantly, the soil pH and soil organic matter content also increased obviously. The photosynthetic rate (Pn) and transpiration rate (Tr) of wheat flag leaves increased by 21.90% and 52.04%, and the intercellular CO2 concentration decreased by 5.15%. Compared with T1 treatment, the enzyme activities of S-CAT (23.30%), S-UE (31.99%), and S-ACP (38.54%) were significantly enhanced under T2 treatment. In addition, the main characters and yield of wheat under T2 treatment were significantly increased. The wheat yield reached 6.25 t/hm 2, increased by 36.00% and 21.12% compared with CK and T1 treatment, respectively. As the main component of the biological coating formulation, endophytic Bacillus can improve the soil environment of wheat to a certain extent, promote the growth and development of wheat, and also increase the filling rate and yield of wheat.

Key words: imidacloprid, endophytic Bacillus, soil enzyme activity, soil environment, yield, green production

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