生物炭-过氧化钙复合颗粒缓解番茄幼苗酚酸化感胁迫效应的研究

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0655

中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (8): 39-47.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0655

所属专题：园艺

生物炭-过氧化钙复合颗粒缓解番茄幼苗酚酸化感胁迫效应的研究

涂玉婷(), 黄继川, 吴雪娜, 廖伟杰, 彭智平()

广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/广东省养分资源循环利用与耕地保育重点实验室/农业农村部南方植物营养与肥料重点实验室,广州 510640

收稿日期:2020-11-13 修回日期:2021-01-28 出版日期:2021-03-15 发布日期:2021-03-16
通讯作者: 彭智平
作者简介:涂玉婷,女,1987年出生,福建三明人,副研究员,博士,研究方向为农业资源利用与新型农业功能材料研发。通信地址：510640 广州市天河区金颖路66号资环所,Tel：020-38469763,E-mail： sysutyt@hotmail.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目“生物炭包膜过氧化钙对番茄酚酸类化感物质的去除机制研究”(41701341);广东省自然科学基金面上项目“生物炭-双氧化剂三元复合颗粒缓解番茄连作障碍的效应及机理研究”(2019A1515011737);广东省现代农业产业技术体系项目“农业纳米共性关键技术创新团队”(2019KJ140);广东省农业科学院科技创新战略专项资金(高水平农科院建设)(R2017PY-QF005);广东省农业科学院科技创新战略专项资金(高水平农科院建设)(201623TD)

Effects of Biochar-calcium Peroxide Composite Particles on Benzoic Acid Allelochemical Stress to Tomato Seedlings

Tu Yuting(), Huang Jichuan, Wu Xuena, Liao Weijie, Peng Zhiping()

Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640

Received:2020-11-13 Revised:2021-01-28 Online:2021-03-15 Published:2021-03-16
Contact: Peng Zhiping

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

酚酸类化感自毒物质被证实是导致连作障碍的重要因素,开发去除酚酸类化感物质的技术有望缓解连作障碍问题。本研究分别采用包覆法和共混法制备生物炭-过氧化钙复合颗粒,结合现代分析表征手段和序批试验,考察复合材料对苯甲酸的吸附-氧化去除行为,并优选适宜的制备方法。进一步通过水培试验,研究复合颗粒缓解苯甲酸对番茄苗期生长抑制作用的效果。结果表明,经过3 h序批反应后,1.5 g/L包覆颗粒和共混颗粒对100 mg/L苯甲酸的去除率分别为82.6%和67.0%。其中包覆法制备所得复合颗粒能更有效地缓冲过氧化钙分解生成的氢氧根离子对溶液pH的影响,从而获得更高的苯甲酸去除率。水培试验结果表明,与苯甲酸胁迫处理相比,添加复合颗粒可显著提高水培番茄幼苗单株生物量、根重、茎叶鲜重、株高、根长、幼苗的根系活力;根系细胞膜透性、叶片丙二醛含量分别下降23.7%和30.4%;叶片超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性分别提高61.0%和45.6%。本研究制备所得生物炭-CaO₂复合颗粒可有效降低栽培介质中苯甲酸浓度,从而减轻酚酸对番茄的生理胁迫,促进幼苗生长。研究结果对作物连作障碍新型消减技术的研发具有一定的参考价值。

关键词: 连作障碍, 生物炭, 过氧化钙, 苯甲酸, 化感效应

Abstract:

Allelopathy autotoxcity effect of phenolic acids has been proved to be one of the important causes of tomato continuous cropping obstacles. Development of technologies for the phenolic acids allelochemicals removal is expected to alleviate the problem of continuous cropping obstacles. In this study, blending method and coating method were employed for the preparation of biochar-calcium peroxide composite particles. The adsorption and oxidation behaviors of benzoic acid on the composite particles were studied by sequencing batch experiments. Then the particles prepared via coating method were used in hydroponics experiments, to investigated the alleviate effect on the allelopathy of benzoic acid stress to tomato seedlings over this novel composite particles. The results showed that, after 3 h of reaction, the removal rate of 100 mg/L benzoic acid could be obtained at 82.6% and 67.0% over 1.5 g/L of the particles prepared via coating method and blending method, respectively. The composite particle prepared via coating method displayed higher catalytic activity due to its better buffering capacity for the hydroxide ions generated by the decomposition of calcium peroxide. The results of hydroponic experiment showed that compared to the treatments with benzoic acid allelochemical stress, the growth indexes of tomato seedling, including individual biomass, root weight, fresh weight of stem and leaf, plant height, root length, and root activity, increased significantly in the treatment with the addition of biochar-calcium peroxide composite particles. The relative permeability of root cell membranes and the content of malondialdehyde in leaves decreased by 23.7% and 30.4%; and the leaf antioxidant enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities, increased by 61.0% and 45.6%, respectively. Therefore, the prepared biochar-calcium peroxide composite particles could effectively reduce the concentration of benzoic acid in the cultivation medium through adsorption-oxidation reactions, reducing the physiological stress of phenolic acid on tomato seedlings and promoting its growth. These results have certain guiding significance for the development of new technologies for reducing continuous cropping obstacles.

Key words: continuous cropping obstacle, biochar, calcium peroxide, benzoic acid, allelopathy

中图分类号:

S156.99

涂玉婷, 黄继川, 吴雪娜, 廖伟杰, 彭智平. 生物炭-过氧化钙复合颗粒缓解番茄幼苗酚酸化感胁迫效应的研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2021, 37(8): 39-47.

Tu Yuting, Huang Jichuan, Wu Xuena, Liao Weijie, Peng Zhiping. Effects of Biochar-calcium Peroxide Composite Particles on Benzoic Acid Allelochemical Stress to Tomato Seedlings[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2021, 37(8): 39-47.

图/表 7

图1. 共混法和包覆法制备所得生物炭-过氧化钙复合颗粒

颗粒类型	比表面积/(m²/g)	最大变形力/N
包覆颗粒	475.19±19.14	30.13±1.41
共混颗粒	433.51±8.55	29.50±1.26
生物炭颗粒	458.53±19.86	26.25±1.23
过氧化钙颗粒	22.73±0.46	43.92±0.09

表1. 制备所得颗粒的比表面积和最大变形力

图2. 不同颗粒和过氧化钙粉末在去离子水中OH-释放量随时间的变化情况

图3. 不同处理苯甲酸去除率和溶液pH随反应时间的变化情况

处理	生物量/g	根重/g	茎叶鲜重/g	株高/cm	根长/cm
CK	9.52a	1.25a	8.27a	28.83a	19.54a
T1	5.86d	0.59c	5.27c	25.50a	13.20b
T2	8.67ab	1.07ab	7.60ab	27.92a	18.13a
T3	7.51bc	0.90b	6.61bc	27.17a	14.47b
T4	6.26cd	0.52c	5.74c	25.80a	12.13b

表2. 不同处理番茄幼苗平均生物量、根重、茎叶鲜重、株高和根长比较

图4. 不同处理对番茄幼苗根系活力、根系细胞膜相对透性和叶片MDA含量的影响

图5. 不同处理对番茄叶片SOD和POD活性的影响

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生物炭-过氧化钙复合颗粒缓解番茄幼苗酚酸化感胁迫效应的研究

Effects of Biochar-calcium Peroxide Composite Particles on Benzoic Acid Allelochemical Stress to Tomato Seedlings

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