设施土壤中连续施用生物炭对土壤磷形态及吸附与释放特性的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0347

中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (11): 114-121.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0347

所属专题：资源与环境

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇下一篇

设施土壤中连续施用生物炭对土壤磷形态及吸附与释放特性的影响

王秋君¹(), 徐丽萍², 郭德杰¹, 王光飞¹, 梁永红³, 马艳¹^,⁴()

¹江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,南京 210014
²南京市六合区农业技术推广中心耕地质量保护站,南京 211500
³江苏省耕地质量与农业环境保护站,南京 210036
⁴江苏大学环境与安全工程学院,江苏镇江 212013

收稿日期:2020-08-07 修回日期:2020-10-21 出版日期:2021-04-15 发布日期:2021-04-13
通讯作者: 马艳
作者简介:王秋君,男,1983年出生,山西运城人,副研究员,博士,主要从事土壤养分管理研究。通信地址：210014 南京市玄武区钟灵街50号,Tel：025-84391251,E-mail： wangqiujun461@163.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划“黄淮暖温带区设施蔬菜化肥农药减施技术模式建立与示范”(2016YFD0201007);江苏省第五期“333工程”科研项目资助计划“有机肥碳组分耦合设施蔬菜土壤氮素转化的微生物学机制研究”(BRA2019313);江苏现代农业产业技术体系 “江苏现代农业(蔬菜)产业技术体系废弃资源利用创新团队”(JATS[2019]333)

Effect of Continuous Application of Biochar on Soil Phosphorus Forms and Adsorption and Release Characteristics in Greenhouse

Wang Qiujun¹(), Xu Liping², Guo Dejie¹, Wang Guangfei¹, Liang Yonghong³, Ma Yan¹^,⁴()

¹Institute of Agricultural Resource and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014
²Cultivated Land Quality Protection Station, Liuhe Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Nanjing 211500
³Jiangsu Station for Protection of Arable Land Quality and Agricultural Environment, Nanjing 210036
⁴School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212013

Received:2020-08-07 Revised:2020-10-21 Online:2021-04-15 Published:2021-04-13
Contact: Ma Yan

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对设施土壤中长期大量施用有机肥可能造成的土壤磷素过度积累及易流失等问题,本研究拟通过施用生物炭增加土壤中磷的吸附,从而减少磷流失。此外,目前关于在设施土壤中连续施用生物炭对土壤磷素形态和有效性的影响作用尚不清楚。为此,在辣椒大棚中通过长期定位试验,研究连续4茬施用生物炭对土壤有效磷、不同形态磷、磷吸附及释放的影响。结果表明：在每公顷施用15 t猪粪稻草有机肥基础上施用生物炭可显著增加土壤有机碳含量和土壤pH,并显著改变了土壤磷各组分含量,显著增加了NaHCO₃ P_i、NaHCO₃ P_o、Fe/Al-P_i和Ca-P_i含量,且显著降低了Ca-P_o含量。此外,连续4茬施用生物炭还增加了土壤对磷的吸附,从而降低土壤磷的释放。本研究结果说明,在设施土壤中长期大量施用有机肥下结合施用生物炭在保持土壤有效磷供应下可提高土壤磷的吸附,从而降低土壤磷素的流失风险。

关键词: 设施土壤, 有机肥, 生物炭, 土壤磷分级, 磷吸附, 磷释放

Abstract:

In view of the problems of excessive accumulation and easy loss of soil phosphorus caused by long-term application of large amounts of organic fertilizer in greenhouse, this study intends to increase phosphorus adsorption in soil and reduce phosphorus loss by applying biochar. In addition, the effect of continuous application of biochar on the form and effectiveness of soil phosphorus in greenhouse was unclear, a long-term positioning experiment in pepper greenhouses was conducted to study the effects of continuous application of biochar on soil available phosphorus content, different forms of phosphorus, phosphorus adsorption and release. The results show that the application of biochar with pig manure straw organic fertilizer (15 t/hm²) could significantly increase the soil organic carbon content and soil pH, and significantly change the content of soil phosphorus components, significantly increase NaHCO₃ P_i, NaHCO₃ P_o, Fe/Al-P_i and Ca-P_i content, and significantly reduce Ca-P_o content. In addition, the continuous application of biochar in four seasons could also increase the adsorption of soil phosphorus, thereby reducing the release of soil phosphorus. The results of this study indicates that long-term application of large amounts of organic fertilizer in the facility soil combined with biochar could increase the adsorption of soil phosphorus while maintaining the effective supply of soil phosphorus, thereby reducing the risk of soil phosphorus loss.

Key words: greenhouse soil, organic fertilizer, biochar, soil phosphorus classification, phosphorus adsorption, phosphorus release

中图分类号:

S365

王秋君, 徐丽萍, 郭德杰, 王光飞, 梁永红, 马艳. 设施土壤中连续施用生物炭对土壤磷形态及吸附与释放特性的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2021, 37(11): 114-121.

Wang Qiujun, Xu Liping, Guo Dejie, Wang Guangfei, Liang Yonghong, Ma Yan. Effect of Continuous Application of Biochar on Soil Phosphorus Forms and Adsorption and Release Characteristics in Greenhouse[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2021, 37(11): 114-121.

图/表 8

参考文献 26

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处理	基肥					追肥
处理	生物炭	有机肥	复合肥(15-15-15)	尿素	硫酸钾	复合肥(15-15-15)	尿素	硫酸钾
CK	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
OF	0	15000	450	75	63	555	90	75
BOF	15000	15000	450	75	63	555	90	75

处理	基肥					追肥
处理	生物炭	有机肥	复合肥(15-15-15)	尿素	硫酸钾	复合肥(15-15-15)	尿素	硫酸钾
CK	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
OF	0	15000	450	75	63	555	90	75
BOF	15000	15000	450	75	63	555	90	75

处理	有效磷/(mg/kg)	全磷/(g/kg)	有机碳/(g/kg)	pH	电导率/(μS/cm)
CK	118.7±7.2b	1.0±0.0b	11.8±0.3c	7.4±0.0a	66.0±2.0b
OF	320.6±43.5a	2.0±0.2a	18.3±0.5b	6.8±0.1c	273.5±50.5a
BOF	336.6±35.6a	1.9±0.4a	28.5±0.1a	7.2±0.0b	295.7±29.1a

处理	有效磷/(mg/kg)	全磷/(g/kg)	有机碳/(g/kg)	pH	电导率/(μS/cm)
CK	118.7±7.2b	1.0±0.0b	11.8±0.3c	7.4±0.0a	66.0±2.0b
OF	320.6±43.5a	2.0±0.2a	18.3±0.5b	6.8±0.1c	273.5±50.5a
BOF	336.6±35.6a	1.9±0.4a	28.5±0.1a	7.2±0.0b	295.7±29.1a

处理	Langmuir			Freundlich
处理	Q_m/(g/kg)	K_l/(L/mg)	R²	K_f /(L/mg)	1/n	R²
CK	10.0	0.020	0.920	234.3	0.81	0.989
OF	1.0	0.029	0.322	4.9	1.92	0.849
BOF	10.0	0.015	0.157	277.2	0.67	0.706

设施土壤中连续施用生物炭对土壤磷形态及吸附与释放特性的影响

Effect of Continuous Application of Biochar on Soil Phosphorus Forms and Adsorption and Release Characteristics in Greenhouse

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处理	拟一级动力学模型			拟二级动力学模型
处理	Q_max /(mg/kg)	k₁/h^-1	R²	Q_max /(mg/kg)	k₂/[kg/(mg·h)]	R²
CK	2.8	0.106	0.798	2.5	0.439	0.871
OF	79.7	0.243	0.918	96.2	0.003	0.917
BOF	33.1	0.108	0.905	38.3	0.004	0.879

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