水稻秸秆生物炭对江汉平原麦区小麦养分吸收和产量的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0396

中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (15): 7-13.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0396

所属专题：小麦；水稻

水稻秸秆生物炭对江汉平原麦区小麦养分吸收和产量的影响

刘美玲¹(), 刘悦¹, 陈婷婷¹, 邹娟²(), 史文琦¹, 曾凡松¹, 龚双军¹, 黄振余³, 刘威¹, 杨立军¹(), 喻大昭¹

¹农业农村部华中作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,农作物重大病虫草害防控湖北省重点实验室,湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所,武汉 430064
²湖北省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,武汉 430064
³钟祥市石牌镇农业技术服务中心,湖北钟祥 431922

收稿日期:2020-08-25 修回日期:2020-11-16 出版日期:2021-05-25 发布日期:2021-05-18
通讯作者: 邹娟,杨立军
作者简介:刘美玲,女,1994年出生,湖北宜昌人,科研助理,本科,学士,主要从事小麦病害防控技术研究。通信地址：430064 湖北省武汉市洪山区南湖大道18号,Tel：027-87380681,E-mail： LML1593298753@163.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划课题“湖北麦区小麦化肥农药减施增效技术集成研究与示范”(2018YFD0200506);公益性行业科研专项“禾谷类白粉病和赤霉病综合治理技术研究”(201303016)

Rice Straw Biochar: Effects on Nutrient Absorption and Yield of Wheat in Jianghan Plain

Liu Meiling¹(), Liu Yue¹, Chen Tingting¹, Zou Juan²(), Shi Wenqi¹, Zeng Fansong¹, Gong Shuangjun¹, Huang Zhenyu³, Liu Wei¹, Yang Lijun¹(), Yu Dazhao¹

¹Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Disease, Insect Pest and Weeds Control /Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064
²Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064
³Agricultural Technology Service Center of Shipai Town, Zhongxiang City, Hubei Province, Zhongxiang Hubei 431922

Received:2020-08-25 Revised:2020-11-16 Online:2021-05-25 Published:2021-05-18
Contact: Zou Juan,Yang Lijun

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在探明水稻秸秆生物炭施用量和施用时期对江汉平原稻茬麦养分吸收、土壤养分含量以及产量的影响。选择江汉平原典型潮土稻麦轮作区,以基施化肥但不施生物炭处理为对照,设置小麦播种前基施、返青拔节期追施以及两个时期同施不同剂量的生物炭等处理,采用比色法和火焰光度计法测定了不同处理小麦籽粒、植株茎叶和土壤的氮、磷、钾含量,并比较了籽粒产量的变化。结果表明,施用生物炭促进了小麦籽粒和植株茎叶对氮、磷、钾元素的吸收,增加了地上部分氮、磷、钾养分吸收总积累量,且以基施及追施13500 kg/hm²生物炭处理最高,较对照处理籽粒总氮、磷、钾分别提高了20.3%、17.8%和12.4%,茎叶总氮、磷、钾分别提高了11.9%、34.5%和13.9%,氮、磷、钾总积累量显著增加18.2%、24.0%、13.7%(P<0.05);施用生物炭后土壤pH升高、有机质和速效磷含量增加,小麦株高增高,结实率和千粒重增大。施用水稻秸秆生物炭对于改善土壤和提高小麦产量具有一定促进作用。

关键词: 生物炭, 水稻秸秆, 小麦, 产量, 植株养分, 土壤养分

Abstract:

The study aims to reveal the effects of rice straw biochar application amount and time on nutrient absorption, soil nutrient content and yield of wheat after rice in Jianghan Plain. The typical fluvo-aquic area of rice-wheat rotation in Jianghan Plain was selected, and the basal application of chemical fertilizer with no biochar was used as the control. The treatments were set up, including the application before wheat sowing, topdressing at jointing stage, and different-amount biochar application at both of the stages. The wheat grains, plant stems and leaves, and the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil were detected with colorimetry and flame photometer methods. The grain yields were also compared. The results showed that the application of biochar could promote the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in wheat grains, plant stems and leaves, and increase the total accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in above ground plant parts. The highest values appeared when the basal and topdressing application of biochar was 13500 kg/hm². Compared with the control, the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in grain were increased by 20.3%, 17.8% and 12.4%, respectively, the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in stems and leaves were increased by 11.9%, 34.5% and 13.9%, respectively, while the total accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were increased significantly by 18.2%, 24.0% and 13.7% (P < 0.05), respectively. After biochar application, the soil pH, organic matter and available phosphorus content were increased, and wheat plant height, seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight were improved. The application of rice straw biochar can promote soil condition and wheat yield.

Key words: biochar, rice straw, wheat, yield, plant nutrient, soil nutrient

中图分类号:

S316

刘美玲, 刘悦, 陈婷婷, 邹娟, 史文琦, 曾凡松, 龚双军, 黄振余, 刘威, 杨立军, 喻大昭. 水稻秸秆生物炭对江汉平原麦区小麦养分吸收和产量的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2021, 37(15): 7-13.

Liu Meiling, Liu Yue, Chen Tingting, Zou Juan, Shi Wenqi, Zeng Fansong, Gong Shuangjun, Huang Zhenyu, Liu Wei, Yang Lijun, Yu Dazhao. Rice Straw Biochar: Effects on Nutrient Absorption and Yield of Wheat in Jianghan Plain[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2021, 37(15): 7-13.

图/表 7

参考文献 32

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处理	播种期基施/(kg/hm²)	返青拔节期追施/(kg/hm²)
A₁	9000^a	0
A₂	13500	0
B₁	0	9000
B₂	0	13500
A₁+B₁	9000	9000
A₂+B₂	13500	13500
CK	0	0

处理	播种期基施/(kg/hm²)	返青拔节期追施/(kg/hm²)
A₁	9000^a	0
A₂	13500	0
B₁	0	9000
B₂	0	13500
A₁+B₁	9000	9000
A₂+B₂	13500	13500
CK	0	0

处理	籽粒		茎叶		氮总积累量/(kg/hm²)
处理	氮含量/%	氮积累量/(kg/hm²)	氮含量/%	氮积累量/(kg/hm²)	氮总积累量/(kg/hm²)
A₁	1.77 a	202.4±14.1 ab	0.47 ab	70.3±5.0 a	272.6±17.5 a
A₂	1.77 a	215.6±17.3 a	0.48 ab	66.9±5.2 ab	282.5±21.5 a
B₁	1.86 a	214.4±11.6 a	0.51 ab	66.1±1.7 ab	280.5±13.6 a
B₂	1.75 a	207.3±11.4 ab	0.54 a	66.7±3.9 ab	274.0±12.6 a
A₁+B₁	1.76 a	219.6±14.3 a	0.46 ab	65.4±2.9 ab	285.0±20.4 a
A₂+B₂	1.84 a	221.5±16.0 a	0.50 ab	70.4±5.6 a	291.9±21.6 a
CK	1.74 a	184.1±15.8 b	0.44 b	62.9±2.5 b	246.9±18.7 b

处理	籽粒		茎叶		氮总积累量/(kg/hm²)
处理	氮含量/%	氮积累量/(kg/hm²)	氮含量/%	氮积累量/(kg/hm²)	氮总积累量/(kg/hm²)
A₁	1.77 a	202.4±14.1 ab	0.47 ab	70.3±5.0 a	272.6±17.5 a
A₂	1.77 a	215.6±17.3 a	0.48 ab	66.9±5.2 ab	282.5±21.5 a
B₁	1.86 a	214.4±11.6 a	0.51 ab	66.1±1.7 ab	280.5±13.6 a
B₂	1.75 a	207.3±11.4 ab	0.54 a	66.7±3.9 ab	274.0±12.6 a
A₁+B₁	1.76 a	219.6±14.3 a	0.46 ab	65.4±2.9 ab	285.0±20.4 a
A₂+B₂	1.84 a	221.5±16.0 a	0.50 ab	70.4±5.6 a	291.9±21.6 a
CK	1.74 a	184.1±15.8 b	0.44 b	62.9±2.5 b	246.9±18.7 b

处理	籽粒		茎叶		磷总积累量/(kg/hm²)
处理	磷含量/%	磷积累量/(kg/hm²)	磷含量/%	磷积累量/(kg/hm²)	磷总积累量/(kg/hm²)
A₁	0.36 a	42.1±2.4 bc	0.09 a	12.8±2.3 a	54.9±4.3 ab
A₂	0.40 a	46.5±3.0 a	0.09 a	14.1±3.0 a	59.2±5.8 a
B₁	0.41 a	47.1±4.0 a	0.08 a	10.6±2.0 a	57.7±5.9 ab
B₂	0.40 a	45.4±3.4 ab	0.09 a	11.7±1.5 a	57.1±4.5 ab
A₁+B₁	0.41 a	42.6±1.0 bc	0.09 a	12.7±1.6 a	55.3±3.3 ab
A₂+B₂	0.40 a	46.3±2.8 a	0.09 a	14.8±2.9 a	62.5±5.7 a
CK	0.35 a	39.3±3.8 c	0.08 a	11.0±2.1 a	50.4±5.0 b

水稻秸秆生物炭对江汉平原麦区小麦养分吸收和产量的影响

Rice Straw Biochar: Effects on Nutrient Absorption and Yield of Wheat in Jianghan Plain

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处理	籽粒		茎叶		钾总积累量/(kg/hm²)
处理	钾含量/%	钾积累量/(kg/hm²)	钾含量/%	钾积累量/(kg/hm²)	钾总积累量/(kg/hm²)
A₁	0.44 a	50.7±1.4 ab	1.53 a	211.5±15.4ab	262.2±16.4 ab
A₂	0.45 a	53.2±2.9 a	1.45 ab	227.2±18.4 a	280.4±20.6 a
B₁	0.46 a	51.5±2.7 ab	1.55 a	224.2±11.5 a	275.7±13.5 a
B₂	0.47 a	52.5±1.4 a	1.36 bc	196.1±6.1b	248.6±10.0 b
A₁+B₁	0.46 a	52.8±1.4 a	1.29 c	210.8±11.2 ab	263.7±11.8 ab
A₂+B₂	0.43 a	54.2±1.4 a	1.52 a	226.1±15.5 a	280.4±16.7 a
CK	0.43 a	48.2±2.4 b	1.23 c	198.5± 09.0 b	246.7±11.3 b

处理	pH	有机质/(g/kg)	速效磷/(mg/kg)	速效钾/(mg/kg)	全氮/%
A₁	7.12±0.03 d	38.4±4.5 ab	39.8±2.1 ab	210.1±11.2 a	0.26±0.03 b
A₂	7.30±0.03 c	43.1±4.1 ab	32.3±3.6 bc	198.7±13.6 a	0.27±0.01 b
B₁	7.34±0.02 bc	37.0±1.4 b	37.7±3.5 ab	210.1±06.6 a	0.26±0.01 b
B₂	7.42±0.01 ab	40.5±6.3 ab	36.2±1.9 b	219.0±13.6 a	0.26±0.02 b
A₁+B₁	7.44±0.04 a	45.7±5.9 ab	43.5±5.8 a	225.3±14.9 a	0.28±0.01 b
A₂+B₂	7.47±0.05 a	51.9±3.3 a	43.6±6.5 a	224.7±16.8 a	0.28±0.03 b
CK	6.48±0.01 e	35.8±2.4 b	34.6±2.1 bc	182.8±11.7 a	0.26±0.01 b

处理	株高/cm	穗长/cm	结实率/%	公顷穗数/万	穗粒数/粒	千粒重/g
A₁	81.5±1.3a	6.6±0.2b	94.9±2.1 a	466.5±57.0 a	27.3±2.4a	40.8±1.5 a
A₂	83.3±2.1a	6.6±0.4b	93.2±1.2 a	436.5±24.0 a	27.5±1.1a	39.6±2.8 a
B₁	80.7±1.9a	6.6±0.2b	92.9±0.8 a	468.0±31.5 a	29.2±1.7a	40.8±1.8 a
B₂	80.6±1.7a	6.6±0.2b	94.5±3.1 a	450.0±51.0 a	28.2±1.2a	40.3±2.3 a
A₁+B₁	80.3±1.1a	6.9±0.3ab	94.8±1.4 a	447.0±43.6 a	26.3±1.9a	40.9±1.3 a
A₂+B₂	80.5±1.9a	6.5±0.2b	93.9±1.9 a	457..5±61.5 a	25.9±1.8a	42.5±1.3 a
CK	78.2±1.3b	7.1±0.2a	92.1±0.3 a	451.5±54.0 a	28.1±1.1a	33.7±2.2 b

处理	籽粒产量/(kg/hm²)	生物学产量/(kg/hm²)	收获指数(kg/kg)	实际产量/(kg/hm²)
A₁	5 857.7±275.2 bc	13 396.6±315.2 b	0.55±0.2 a	4 564.5±300.2 ab
A₂	5 915.1±188.6 b	13 404.8±298.5 b	0.55±0.1 a	4 701.1±271.1 a
B₁	6 882.8±310.4 a	14 603.5±318.7 a	0.59±0.2 a	4 383.2±298.5 ab
B₂	5 015.8±263.4 d	11 668.4±256.3 c	0.54±0.1 a	4 467.2±391.4 ab
A₁+B₁	5 712.7±267.3 bc	12 729.2±379.4 bc	0.56±0.2 a	4 450.5±422.6 ab
A₂+B₂	6 090.9±200.4 b	13 189.6±267.5 bc	0.58±0.1 a	5 104.5±375.5 a
CK	5 524.6±211.8 cd	13 023.9±256.3 bc	0.53±0.1 a	3 940.5±250.5 b

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