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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (3): 81-86.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0148

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

地形部位与利用方式对紫色土性状的影响

廖益民1(), 郑铭洁1, 章明奎2()   

  1. 1 建德市农业技术推广中心，浙江建德 311600
    2 浙江大学环境与资源学院，杭州 310058
  • 收稿日期:2023-02-16 修回日期:2023-06-03 出版日期:2024-01-17 发布日期:2024-01-17
  • 通讯作者:
    章明奎，男，1964年出生，浙江绍兴人，教授，博士，主要从事土壤质量管理方面的研究。通信地址：310058 浙江省杭州市西湖区余杭塘路866号 浙江大学紫金港校区环境与资源学院，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    廖益民，男，1968年出生，浙江建德人，高级农艺师，本科，主要从事农业技术推广与应用研究。通信地址：311600 浙江省建德市新安江街道新安东路126号 建德市农业技术推广中心，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    浙江省“尖兵”“领雁”研究攻关计划项目“浙江省新垦红壤水田高效熟化技术研究与示范”(2022C02036)

Effects of Topography and Land-use Modes on Properties of Purple Soils

LIAO Yimin1(), ZHENG Mingjie1, ZHANG Mingkui2()   

  1. 1 Jiande Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Jiande, Zhejiang 311600
    2 College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058
  • Received:2023-02-16 Revised:2023-06-03 Published-:2024-01-17 Online:2024-01-17

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摘要：

为了解杭州市紫色土肥力质量的空间变异特征，为科学利用与改良土壤提供依据，在杭州市西部山区选择8组代表性紫色土丘陵坡地，按地形部位（坡底、坡麓、中坡、上坡、坡顶）和利用方式（林地和旱地）采集了表层土壤样品，比较分析了土壤肥力指标的变化特点。结果表明：由坡顶经上坡、中坡至坡麓、坡底，有效土层厚度逐渐增加，土体构型由A-C或A-R型逐渐向A-B-C型演化，土壤结构由单粒状-小块状结构向块状结构转变；土壤砾石和砂粒含量、pH和全钙含量逐渐下降，而土壤粘粒、有机碳、全钾、全磷、有效养分含量和CEC逐渐增加。研究区紫色土中的有机碳以矿物结合态为主，其次为颗粒有机碳，游离态有机碳数量较少；从坡顶至坡麓、坡底，游离态有机碳占有机碳的比例和矿物结合态有机碳占有机碳的比例逐渐增加，而颗粒有机碳占有机碳的比例逐渐下降。不同地形部位土壤含水量由坡顶经上坡、中坡至坡麓、坡底逐渐增加，不同坡位之间表层土壤含水量差值旱季大于雨季。林地开垦为旱地后，土壤酸度、全磷、有效磷含量及矿物结合态有机碳占有机碳的比例明显增加，但颗粒有机碳占有机碳的比例及土壤含水量有所下降。与林地比较，坡顶、上坡、中坡部位的旱地土壤具有较低的砾石和砂粒含量；坡麓和坡底的旱地土壤具有较高的砾石和砂粒含量；土壤粘粒含量与持水能力均是旱地土壤低于林地土壤。研究认为，紫色土的开发利用应考虑不同坡位土壤性状的差异性。

关键词: 紫色土, 有机碳组分, 理化性状, 地形, 利用方式, 空间变异

Abstract:

To understand the spatial variation characteristics of fertility quality of the purple soils and provide basis for scientific utilization and improvement of the soils in Hangzhou administrative region, eight representative hilly slopes covered with the purple soils were selected in the western mountainous area of the region. The surface soil samples were collected according to the terrain positions (slope bottom, slope foot, middle slope, upper slope and slope top) and utilization modes (forest land and upland), and the fertility indexes of the soils were analyzed. The results showed that the effective soil thickness increased gradually from the top of the slope to the slope foot and the bottom of the slope. The genetic horizon combination of soil profiles changed from A-C or A-R to A-B-C, and the morphologic structure of the surface soils changed from single particles to block structure. Soil gravel and sand contents, pH value and total calcium gradually decreased, while soil clay, organic carbon, total potassium, total phosphorus, available nutrients and CEC gradually increased. The organic carbon in the purple soils was mainly mineral-bound, followed by particular organic carbon, and the content of free organic carbon in the soils was less. From the top of the slope to the slope foot and the bottom of the slope, the proportions of both free organic carbon and mineral combined organic carbon in total organic carbon gradually increased, while that of particular organic carbon in total organic carbon decreased gradually. The soil moisture content in different terrain positions increased gradually from the top of the slope through the upper slope, the middle slope to the slope foot and the bottom of the slope, but difference of the soil moisture content among slope positions was greater in dry season than in rainy season. After the forest land was reclaimed to upland, the contents of soil acidity, total phosphorus, available phosphorus and the proportion of mineral bound organic carbon to total organic carbon increased significantly, but that of particular organic carbon to total organic carbon and moisture content of the soils decreased. Compared with forest land, the upland soils at the top, upper slope and middle slope had lower gravel and sand contents, meanwhile the upland soils at the slope foot and bottom had higher gravel and sand contents. The soil clay content and water holding capacity of upland were all lower than those of forestland. The results showed that the differences of soil properties of different slope positions should be considered in the development and utilization of purple soils.

Key words: purple soil, organic carbon components, physical and chemical properties, topography, utilization pattern, spatial variation