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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (22): 131-136.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0623

• 植物保护·农药 • 上一篇    下一篇

药剂对根结线虫病防效及烤烟产质量的影响

洪发彩1(), 邹倩梅1, 张敏2, 陈江政2, 徐俊2, 李晗梅2, 王戈1, 王娜1, 白羽祥1, 周鹏1, 杜宇1, 郑绍庚2, 曾皓2, 康铮2, 李杰2()   

  1. 1 云南农业大学烟草学院，昆明 650201
    2 云南省烟草公司昆明市公司，昆明 650051
  • 收稿日期:2023-09-04 修回日期:2024-05-15 出版日期:2024-07-28 发布日期:2024-07-28
  • 通讯作者:
    李杰，男，1983年出生，新疆乌鲁木齐人，农艺师，博士，从事烟草栽培、植保等研究。通信地址：650051 云南省昆明市盘龙区北京路523号 云南省烟草公司昆明市公司，Tel：0871-63159580，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    洪发彩，男，1999年出生，云南昭通人，硕士研究生，研究方向为烟草栽培与植烟土壤保育。通信地址：650201 云南省昆明市盘龙区沣源路452号 云南农业大学，Tel：0871-65227816，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金“香豆酸在烟草连作障碍中的作用机制研究”(32160517); 云南省烟草公司昆明市公司科技计划项目“昆明烟区烟草根结线虫病精准防控技术研究与示范”(昆烟科[2022]12号KMYC202207)

Effect of Agents on Control of Root Knot Nematode Disease and Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

HONG Facai1(), ZOU Qianmei1, ZHANG Min2, CHEN Jiangzheng2, XU Jun2, LI Hanmei2, WANG Ge1, WANG Na1, BAI Yuxiang1, ZHOU Peng1, DU Yu1, ZHENG Shaogeng2, ZENG Hao2, KANG Zheng2, LI Jie2()   

  1. 1 College of Tobacco, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201
    2 Kunming City Company of Yunnan Tobacco Company, Kunming 650051
  • Received:2023-09-04 Revised:2024-05-15 Published:2024-07-28 Online:2024-07-28

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摘要：

对比化学药剂和微生物菌剂对烤烟根结线虫病防治的作用效果，为有效降低烤烟根结线虫病发生情况提供理论依据。设置对照喷施清水(Y0)、阿维菌素(Y1)、寡糖·噻唑膦(Y2)、杀线虫芽孢杆菌(Y3)、短短芽孢杆菌(Y4)等不同处理，对比分析不同处理土壤理化性质和烤烟农艺性状、根结线虫病防治效果、光合特性、原烟外观质量、经济性状及烤后化学成分。结果表明，相较对照，Y4处理显著提高了土壤速效养分及有机质含量，且显著促进了烟株生长，增强了烤烟对烟草根结线虫病的抗病性，发病率和病情指数分别较Y0处理降低23.59个百分点、11.03；Y4处理显著提高了烤烟的净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度及SPAD值。烤烟的产量、均价、产值和中上等烟比例均以Y4处理最高，分别比对照提高1.1、5.2、6.4、3.4个百分点；在烤后烟叶化学成分方面，Y2处理总体更好。综上所述，短短芽孢杆菌对烟草根结线虫具有较好的防效，对改善土壤理化性质、促进烤烟生长发育提高产质量有较好效果。

关键词: 根结线虫病, 烤烟, 化学药剂, 微生物菌剂, 产质量, 防治效果, 土壤理化性质

Abstract:

The effects of chemical agents and microbial agents on the control of root-knot nematode disease in flue-cured tobacco were compared to provide a theoretical basis for effectively reducing the occurrence of root-knot nematode disease in flue-cured tobacco. Different treatments such as control (Y0), abamectin (Y1), oligosaccharide·fosthiazate (Y2), nematicidal Bacillus (Y3) and Brevibacillus brevis (Y4) were set up. The physical and chemical properties of soil, agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco, control effect of root-knot nematode disease, photosynthetic characteristics, appearance quality of raw tobacco, economic traits and chemical composition after baking were compared and analyzed. The results showed that compared with the control, Y4 treatment significantly increased soil available nutrients and organic matter content, significantly promoted the growth of tobacco plants, and enhanced the disease resistance of flue-cured tobacco to tobacco root-knot nematode disease. The incidence and disease index were 23.59 percentage points and 11.03 lower than those of Y0 treatment, respectively. Y4 treatment significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration and SPAD value of flue-cured tobacco. The yield, average price, output value and proportion of middle and superior tobacco of flue-cured tobacco were the highest in Y4 treatment, which were 1.1, 5.2, 6.4 and 3.4 percentage points higher than those of the control, respectively. In terms of the chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco leaves, Y2 treatment was generally better. In summary, Brevibacillus brevis has a good control effect on tobacco root-knot nematodes, and has a good effect on improving soil physical and chemical properties, promoting the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco and improving yield and quality.

Key words: root knot nematode disease, flue-cured tobacco, chemical agents, microbial agent, yield and quality, pest control effectiveness, soil physicochemical properties