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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (15): 148-153.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0698

• 水产·渔业 • 上一篇    下一篇

复合微生物菌剂在池塘养殖水质调控上的应用及研究进展

董晓庆1,2(), 陈铭1, 唐治博1, 牛小天1,2, 陈秀梅1,2, 王桂芹1,2()   

  1. 1 吉林农业大学动物科学技术学院,长春 130118
    2 动物生产及产品质量安全教育部重点实验室,长春 130118
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-15 修回日期:2025-02-26 出版日期:2025-05-25 发布日期:2025-05-29
  • 通讯作者:
    王桂芹,女,1968年出生,吉林东辽人,教授,博士生导师,博士,研究方向:主要从事水产动物营养需要及其生理代谢机制调控等研究。通信地址:130118 吉林省长春市新城大街2888号 吉林农业大学动物科学技术学院,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    董晓庆,女,1978年出生,吉林榆树人,副教授,硕士生导师,博士,研究方向:水产动物营养与饲料。通信地址:130118 吉林省长春市新城大街2888号 吉林农业大学动物科学技术学院,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    吉林省科技厅重点研发项目“基于发酵牛粪为基质的水产复合肥的研制与应用”(20230202071NC); 国家现代农业产业技术体系资助“特色淡水鱼营养需求与饲料”(CARS-46)

Application and Research Progress of Compound Microbial Agents in Water Quality Control of Pond Culture

DONG Xiaoqing1,2(), CHEN Ming1, TANG Zhibo1, NIU Xiaotian1,2, CHEN Xiumei1,2, WANG Guiqin1,2()   

  1. 1 Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118
    2 Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130118
  • Received:2024-11-15 Revised:2025-02-26 Published:2025-05-25 Online:2025-05-29

摘要:

复合微生物菌剂可高效改善养殖水质,降低池塘水体中的有害因子,适用于规模化绿色水产养殖的生态调控。目前在水产养殖中常用的有益微生物主要有芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)、光合细菌(photosynthetic bacteria)、硝化细菌(nitrifying bacteria)、反硝化细菌(denitrobacteria)、乳酸杆菌(Lactobacillus)、酵母菌(Saccharomyces)、假单胞菌(Pseudomonas)、双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium)等。为了解复合微生物菌剂在池塘水质调控上的应用现状及研究进展,本研究从影响池塘水质的因素、微生物菌剂的组成、微生物菌剂的功能及微生物菌剂在池塘养殖上的应用等方面进行了全面综述。针对实际应用中存在缺乏科学的管理、过度依赖导致的生态失衡、菌种配伍缺乏科学依据和杂菌污染导致的水质恶化等问题,提出3点建议:(1)配套科学的管理技术,避免过度依赖;(2)优化菌种配伍,发挥多菌种协同作用降解有机污染物,优化水体微生物群落结构;(3)开发高稳定性微生物菌剂并构建精准调控方案,为构建健康稳定的水体微生态系统提供技术支撑。

关键词: 复合微生物菌剂, 池塘养殖, 水质调控, 水质改良剂, 研究进展

Abstract:

The compound microbial agent can effectively improve the quality of aquaculture water and reduce the harmful factors in the pond water, which is suitable for the ecological regulation of large-scale green aquaculture. At present, the beneficial microorganisms commonly used in aquaculture mainly include Bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, denitrobacteria, Lactobacillus, Saccharomyces, Pseudomonas, Bifidobacterium and so on. In order to explore the application status and research progress of compound microbial agents in pond water quality regulation, this paper summarized the factors affecting the water quality, the composition of microbial agents, the function of microbial agents and the application of microbial agents in pond culture. In view of the lack of scientific management, ecological imbalance caused by excessive dependence, the lack of scientific basis, water quality deterioration caused by miscellaneous bacteria pollution, solutions were proposed as follows. (1) Supporting the scientific management technology, to avoid over-dependence; (2) Optimizing the compatibility of bacteria, playing the synergistic effect of multiple bacteria to degrade organic pollutants, and optimizing the microbial community structure of water; (3) Developing highly stable microbial agents and constructing a control scheme to provide technical support for the construction of a healthy and stable water micro-ecosystem.

Key words: compound microbial agents, pond culture, water quality control, water quality improver, research progress