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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (19): 38-43.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0865

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

播期对甘蔗产量、养分积累及土壤养分状况的影响

韦冬萍1(), 韦剑锋2(), 胡桂娟1, 邓冬梅2, 罗小芬2, 马纪2, 陆李正雄2, 吴炫柯3   

  1. 1 柳州工学院食品与化学工程学院， 广西柳州 545616
    2 广西科技大学生物与化学工程学院， 广西柳州 545005
    3 柳州市农业气象试验站， 广西柳州 545003
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-17 修回日期:2026-06-16 出版日期:2026-10-15 发布日期:2026-10-15
  • 通讯作者:
    韦剑锋，男，1978年出生，广西鹿寨人，副研究员，硕士，研究方向：作物营养与生理生态研究。通信地址：545005 广西柳州市鱼峰区柳石路257号，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    韦冬萍，女，1982年出生，广西柳城人，副研究员，硕士，研究方向：作物营养与生理生态研究。通信地址：545616 广西柳州市鱼峰区新柳大道99号，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    广西自然科学基金项目“不同播期雨养甘蔗氮磷钾吸收利用及与降雨条件相关性的应用基础研究”(2020GXNSFAA297015); 广西自然科学基金项目“基于收获方式与蔗叶处置的宿根蔗钾利用与土壤钾平衡研究”(2023GXNSFAA026450); 柳州市科技计划项目“不同播期雨养甘蔗养分吸收与氮肥利用效率研究”(2020PAAA0602)

Effects of Sowing Date on Sugarcane Yield, Nutrient Accumulation, and Soil Nutrient Status

WEI Dongping1(), WEI Jianfeng2(), HU Guijuan1, DENG Dongmei2, LUO Xiaofen2, MA Ji2, LU Lizhengxiong2, WU Xuanke3   

  1. 1 Department of Food and Chemical Engineering, Liuzhou Institute of Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545616
    2 College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology,Liuzhou, Guangxi 545005
    3 Agro-meteorological Experiment Station of Liuzhou, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545003
  • Received:2025-10-17 Revised:2026-06-16 Published:2026-10-15 Online:2026-10-15

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摘要： 探究不同播种期下甘蔗产量、养分积累及土壤养分状况，为甘蔗高效生产与施肥提供科学依据。在田间条件下，以‘桂糖42号’甘蔗为材料，分析2月20日(T1)、3月11日(T2)、3月31日(T3)、4月20日(T4)、5月10日(T5)、5月30日(T6)播种甘蔗的出苗情况、产量、养分积累及土壤养分变化。结果表明，甘蔗播种后10~40 d开始出苗，出苗速度随播种日期的后移而加快；甘蔗株高、茎高、茎重、茎节数、蔗茎产量及干物质积累总量随播种日期的后移而减少，其中T1、T2处理蔗茎产量均较其余播期增加10.32%以上，但T1与T2的差异均不显著；各播期甘蔗氮、磷及钾积累总量范围分别为119.71~184.96、15.23~24.49、129.65~196.05 kg/hm2，且均随播种日期的后移而减少，但T1、T2处理间差异均不显著；各播期土壤全量和有效态氮、磷及钾积累量均较试验前增加，其中T1、T2、T3处理的增量较少，其余播期的增量较多；T5、T6处理土壤碱解氮、有效磷及速效钾含量，以及T4处理土壤碱解氮、速效钾含量较试验前显著增加。可见，2月20日—3月11日播种有利于甘蔗高产与养分利用，而4月20日及之后播种可根据土壤养分积累增量并结合有效养分含量变化适度减施肥料，以提高肥料利用效率。

关键词: 播种期, 甘蔗, 土壤, 产量, 养分

Abstract:

This study investigated the yield, nutrient accumulation, and soil nutrient status of sugarcane under different sowing dates, providing a scientific basis for efficient sugarcane production and fertilization. The field experiments were conducted using the sugarcane variety ‘Guitang42’ as test material, with sowing dates on February 20 (T1), March 11 (T2), March 31 (T3), April 20 (T4), May 10 (T5), and May 30 (T6). The effects of these treatments on emergence, yield, nutrient accumulation, and soil nutrient changes of sugarcane were analyzed. The results showed that sugarcane began to emerge within 10-40 days after sowing, and the rate of emergence increased with the delay of sowing date. The plant height, stalk height, stalk weight, stalk nodes, cane yield, and total dry matter accumulation of sugarcane decreased with the delay of sowing date. The cane yields of T1 and T2 were both increased by more than 10.32% compared with other sowing dates, but the differences between T1 and T2 were not significant. Among the six sowing dates, the total accumulation ranges of N, P, and K in sugarcane were 119.71-184.96, 15.23-24.49 and 129.65-196.05 kg/hm2, respectively. These nutrient accumulations decreased with the delay of sowing date. However, the differences were no significant between T1 and T2. Across all sowing dates, total and available N, P, and K accumulation in soil increased relative to pre-experiment baselines, with smaller increments in T1-T3 than in T4-T6. The contents of alkali-hydrolyzable N, available P, and readily available K in soils under T5 and T6, as well as alkali-hydrolyzable N and readily available K under T4, increased significantly compared with pre-experiment levels. In conclusion, sowing during February 20 to March 11 favors high sugarcane yield and efficient nutrient utilization, whereas sowing on or after April 20 should apply moderate fertilizer reduction based on the increment of soil nutrient accumulation combined with changes of available nutrient content to improve fertilizer use efficiency.

Key words: sowing date, sugarcane, soil, yield, nutrient

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