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中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (9): 190-196.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0948

• 植物保护·农药 • 上一篇    下一篇

几种茎叶除草剂对甘蓝型春油菜产量和品质的影响

王毅(), 刘婷婷, 靳丰蔚, 马晓伟, 董云   

  1. 甘肃省农业科学院作物研究所, 兰州 730070
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-26 修回日期:2025-12-11 出版日期:2026-05-15 发布日期:2026-05-15
  • 作者简介:

    王毅,男,1979年出生,甘肃兰州人,副研究员,研究方向:油菜遗传育种与栽培。通信地址:730070 甘肃省兰州市安宁区甘肃省农科院新村1号甘肃省农业科学院作物研究所,Tel:0931-7614943,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    甘肃省农业科学院院列现代生物育种专项“油菜、高粱优异种质挖掘创新与新品种选育”(2023GAAS10); 国家重点研发计划“西北地区春油菜(甘肃)大面积单产提升关键技术与集成示范”(2024YFD2300204-01); 甘肃省现代寒旱农业产业技术体系油料体系油菜育种和栽培岗位(GSAS-07)

Effects of Several Stem and Leaf Herbicides on Yield and Quality in Spring Rapeseed of Brassica napus L.

WANG Yi(), LIU Tingting, JIN Fengwei, MA Xiaowei, DONG Yun   

  1. Crop Research Institute of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070
  • Received:2025-11-26 Revised:2025-12-11 Published:2026-05-15 Online:2026-05-15

摘要:

为明确烯草酮、氨氯·二氯吡、草除灵、精喹禾灵、二氯吡啶酸、高效氟吡甲禾灵及氨氯·草除灵·二氯吡等茎叶除草剂在甘蓝型春油菜田间的应用效果,本研究旨在为田间安全、高效的化学除草提供依据。通过比较分析上述除草剂对杂草的防除效果、对甘蓝型春油菜的安全性、对产量构成及籽粒品质的影响,得出以下结论:供试的茎叶除草剂对油菜田杂草均表现出一定的防除效果。其中,24%二氯吡啶酸·6%氨氯吡啶酸AS(157.5g a.i./hm2)、30%二氯吡啶酸AS(180 g a.i./hm2)、108 g/L高效氯吡甲禾灵EC (56.7 g a.i./hm2)的株防效、鲜重防效达到67.09%~88.26%,防治效果显著,同时产量分别达到2330.01 kg/hm2、2323.34 kg/hm2、2300.01 kg/hm2,较对照清水处理分别增产6.23%、5.93%和4.86%,而其他除草剂较对照减产,减产幅度在0.3%~16.26%之间。茎叶除草剂对品质影响表现为增加了脂肪酸组分中油酸的含量,并减少了花生烯酸的含量。油酸含量的差异达到显著水平(P=0.0353),花生烯酸含量的差异达极显著水平(P=0.0031)。因此,在甘蓝型春油菜生产中,针对禾本科与阔叶杂草混生的田块,推荐选用24%二氯吡啶酸·6%氨氯吡啶酸AS、30%二氯吡啶酸AS以及108 g/L高效氯吡甲禾灵EC等茎叶除草剂,其兼具高效、安全及显著增产的优势。实际应用中,应根据田间草相选择合适的药剂,并于杂草3~6叶期适时施药。

关键词: 甘蓝型春油菜, 茎叶除草剂, 杂草防效, 产量, 品质, 安全性

Abstract:

To clarify the application effects of stem and leaf herbicides, including Clethodim, Aminopyralid·Clopyralid, Benazolin-ethyl, Quizalofop-P-ethyl, Clopyralid, Haloxyfop-P-methyl and Aminopyralid·Benazolin-ethyl·Clopyralid in the field of spring rapeseed of Brassica napus L., and provide a basis for safe and efficient chemical weed control, we compared and analyzed the weed control effect of the above-mentioned herbicides, their impact on the safety, yield composition, and grain quality in spring rapeseed of Brassica napus L.. The tested stem and leaf herbicides showed certain control effects on weeds in rapeseed fields. Among them, 24% Clopyralid·6% AminopyralidAS157.5g a.i./hm2, 30% Clopyralid AS180 g a.i./hm2, and 108 g/L Haloxyfop-P-methyl EC56.7g a.i./hm2 achieved significant plant control effect and fresh grass control effect of 67.09%-88.26%. At the same time, the yield reached 2330.01 kg/hm2, 2323.34 kg/hm2, and 2300.01 kg/hm2, which increased by 6.23%, 5.93%, and 4.86% respectively compared to the control with clean water. Other herbicides reduced production compared to the control, with a reduction range of 0.3%-16.26%. The impact of stem and leaf herbicides on quality is manifested as an increase in oleic acid content and a decrease in arachidonic acid content in the fatty acid components. The difference in oleic acid content reached a significant level (P=0.0353), while the difference in arachidonic acidcontent (P=0.0031) was extremely significant. In the production of spring rapeseed of Brassica napus L., it is recommended to use 24% Clopyralid·6% AminopyralidAS, 30% Clopyralid AS, and 108 g/L Haloxyfop-P-methyl EC for fields mixed with grasses and broad-leaved weeds,, which have the advantages of high efficiency, safety, and significant yield increase. The selection of herbicides should be based on grass phase, and should be applied at the appropriate time during the 3-6 leaf stage of weeds.

Key words: spring rapeseed of Brassica napus L., stem and leaf herbicides, weed control effectiveness, output, quality, safety

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