三峡库区土壤元素分布特征及其发生学意义

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 选取三峡库区万州段具有代表性母岩和土壤作为研究样点，测定了土壤和母岩中Si、Al、Fe、K、Mg、Ca、Na等几种风化成土元素的含量，探讨了土壤元素分布特征及其发生学意义。研究表明：母岩元素平均含量顺序为：Si> Al> Fe> K>Mg> Ca> Na，其中Fe、Ca、Mg、Na、K高于中国和世界元素背景值，而Al介于中国和世界元素背景值之间，Si的平均含量则低于背景值；灰岩区上的土壤中，Ca、Mg、K元素最高，砂岩母质区的土壤风化素含量较低；而碎屑岩类中，泥岩区土壤风化元素相对较高，粉砂岩区土壤风化元素含量介于泥岩与砂岩区之间；母岩的淋失强度为Ca>Mg>Al>Si>K>Fe>Na，Na元素的迁移程度小，是由于母岩中Na元素对土壤的不断补充。因此以土壤中风化元素含量为基础计算的风化指标，难以反映亚热带温暖潮湿地区的成土风化过程，常用的土壤分子硅铝率和硅铁铝率也不能指示所有土壤的风化成土作用程度，只适用于判断风化初期或成土作用早期。

关键词: 水稻, 水稻, 亲本, 品质, 杂种优质, 配合力

Abstract: Taking Wanzhou as example of the Three Gorges Reservoir District, the paper studies the contents of weathering elements, such as Si, Al, Fe, K, Mg, Ca, and Na, and their distribution characteristics in parent rock and soil. The results show that the ranking of the average contents of elements is that Si>Al>Fe>K>Mg>Ca>Na. The contents of Fe、Ca、Mg、Na、K are higher than the back-ground values of soil elements of China and the world, and Al is intervenient, and Si is lower. It can be showed that the contents of Ca、Mg、K are the highest in the soil developed by limestone and are the lowest by sandstone.Among the soil developed by clastic rock, the contents of weathering elements developed by mudstone are higher than siltstone and sandstone. And it developed by siltstone is in the middle. The ranking of the leaching of parent rock is that: Ca>Mg>Al>Si>K>Fe>Na. Na is one of the lowest of them as the contents of Na in soil could be supplied by Na in parent materials. The degree of soil weathering in semi-tropical region could be not illustrated by CIA, CIW, A, B, ba, etc., calculated from the contents of weathering elements in soils. The silica-alumina molecular ratio and silica-sesquioxide molecular ratio of the fraction in soils on soil weathering are only used in at early developed soil, or at early weathering parent materials.

中图分类号:

S155

李渝,魏朝富. 三峡库区土壤元素分布特征及其发生学意义[J]. 中国农学通报, 2007, 23(12): 356-356.

Li Yu, Wei Chaofu. Distribution Characteristics of Soil Elements and Its Pedogenetics in the Three Gorges Reservoir District[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2007, 23(12): 356-356.

参考文献

[1] 周国华,马生明,喻劲松.土壤剖面元素分布及其地质、环境意义[J].地质与勘探,2002,38(6): 70-75.
[2] 朱立新,马生明,周国华.冲积平原区土壤元素组成特征及其示踪作用[J].地质与勘探, 2002,38(4): 56-59.
[3] 黄成敏,龚子同.海南岛北部玄武岩上土壤发生的化学特性研究[J].土壤学报,2001,21(3):207-212.
[4] 吴宏伟,尚彦军,曲永新.香港花岗岩风化分级化学指标体系与风化壳分带[J].工程地质学报,1999,7(2):125-135.
[5] 尚彦军,吴宏伟,曲永新.花岗岩风化程度的化学指标及微观特征对比[J].地质科学,2001,36(2):279-294.
[6] 何毓蓉等.中国紫色土(下篇)[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:79.
[7] Wei. C.F, Ni J..P., Gao M. Anthropic pedogenesis of purple rock fragments in Sichuan Basin, China [J]. Catena, 2006,68:51-58.
[8] 魏朝富,谢德体,车福才.四川盆南紫色土颗粒及化学组成的研究[J].西南农业大学学报,1989.11(5): 425-428.
[9] 朱波,罗晓梅,廖晓勇.紫色母岩养分的风化与释放[J].西南农业大学学报,1999,12(12):165-172.
[10] 郭永明.四川盆地紫色岩风化成土的研究[J].西南农业大学学报,1999,13(5):527-531.
[11] 王世杰,孙承兴,冯志刚.发育完整的灰岩风化壳及其矿物学与地球化学特征[J].矿物学报,2002,22(1):19-29.
[12] Lim, C.H., Jackson, M.L.Dissolution for total elemental analysis. In: Page, A.L., et al., (Eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis:Part 2.Agronomy, vol. 9. Am. Soc. of Agron[M].,Madison,1982,1-12.
[13] 中科院贵阳地球化学所编译组.简明地球化学手册[M].北京:科学出版社,1977,60-88..
[14] 刘秀明,王世杰,冯志刚等.石灰土物质来源的判别—以黔北、黔中几个剖面为例[J].土壤,2004,36(1):30-36.
[15] 武汉地质学院地球化学教研室.地球化学[M].北京:地质出版社,1979.
[16] 李仲明等.中国紫色土(上篇)[M].北京:科学出版社,199:40-62.
[17] 黄昌勇.土壤学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000,66-67.
[18] Jenny H. Factors of Soil Formation [M].New York:McGraw-Hill,1941,50-125.
[19] Harnois L.The CIW index:A new chemical index of weathering [J].Sedment.Geol.,1988,55:319-322.
[20] Nesbitt H. W., Young G. M.Early Proterozoic climates and plate motions inferred from major element chemistry of lutites [J].Nature,1982,299:715-717.
[21] Nesbitt H. W., Young G. M. Mobility and fractionation of rare earth elements during weathering of a granediorite[J].Nature,1979,279:206-210.
[22] Braun J .J. ,Pagel M. ,Muller J. P. et a1.Cerium anomalies in lateritic profiles[J].Geechemi.Cosmichi.Acta，1990,54:781-795.
[23] Brimhall G. H.，Lewis C. J.，Ague J. J.，et a1．Metal enrichment in bauxites by deposition of chemically mature aeolian dust[J].Nature,1988,333:819-824.
[24] Langley-Turbaugh S. J.,Beckheim J. G. Mass balance of soil on late Quatemary marine terraces in coastal Oregon[]J.Geoderma,1998,84:265-288.
[25] Middelberg J. J.,Van Der Weijden C. H.,Woittiez J. R. W.Chemical processes afectingthemobility of major,minorandtrace elements during weathering of graniticrocks[J].Chem.Geo1.,1988,68:253-273.
[26] Nieuwenhuyse A.,Van Breemen N．Quantitative aspects of weathering and neoformation in selected Costa Rican Volcanic Soils[J].Soil Sci.Soc.Am.J.,1997,61:1450-1458.