Abstract: The effects of phosphorus application on phosphorus efficiency and soil phosphorus status were studied in difference type of soils of phosphorus deficiency. The field experiments were studied on paddy soil which was derived from quaternary red clay and alluvial deposit, and there were four treatments. The results showed that: application of phosphorus fertilizer increased the rice yield on moderate deficiency P paddy soil and severe deficiency P paddy soil. The yield increase of phosphorus application was greater in early rice than in late rice. Application of phosphorus fertilizer increased early rice yield by 6.3% and late rice by 6.1% on moderate deficiency P paddy soil. Application of phosphorus fertilizer increased early rice yield by17.9% and late rice by 10.5% on severe deficiency P paddy soil. The percentage of increasing yield was in the order: severe P deficiency soil> moderate deficiency P soil; early rice>late rice; phosphorus fertilizer with rice straw > phosphorus fertilizer alone. Percentage of increasing yield was higher in the combined application of phosphorus fertilizer with rice straw than in the phosphate fertilizer alone. Continuous application of phosphate fertilizer and combined application of phosphate fertilizer with rice straw could increase available P content in the soil, of which, the treatment with combined application of phosphate fertilizer with rice straw was best. After 2 years of combined application of phosphate fertilizer with rice straw, available P content in the soil was increased by 50.4% in the moderate deficiency soil, and 91.4% in the sever deficiency P soil. The phosphate fertilizer application and combined application of phosphate fertilizer with rice straw help to improve the rice yield, phosphorus uptake and soil P supplying capacity in the moderate and the sever deficiency P soil.