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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (4): 8-12.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200300220

所属专题： 小麦

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

基肥施用方式对小麦出苗及苗期生长的影响

魏建林1(), 谭德水1, 李国生1, 李燕1, 孙燕2, 刘朋朋2, 崔荣宗1()   

  1. 1山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业部黄淮海平原农业环境重点实验室/山东省环保肥料工程技术研究中心,济南 250100
    2美盛化肥（烟台）有限公司,山东烟台 264000
  • 收稿日期:2020-03-18 修回日期:2020-08-22 出版日期:2021-02-05 发布日期:2021-01-25
  • 通讯作者: 崔荣宗
  • 作者简介:魏建林,男,1979年出生,山东滨州人,副研究员,硕士,研究方向为植物营养与施肥。通信地址：250100 山东省济南市工业北路202号 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,Tel：0531-66658353,E-mail： wei_jianlin@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划课题“鲁西冬小麦化肥农药减施技术集成研究与示范”(2017YFD0201700);国家科技支撑计划专题“华北平原小麦-玉米轮作区精准施肥技术集成与示范”(2015BDA23B0206);国家自然科学基金项目“麦玉两熟体系作物秸秆钾转化特征与钾素补偿机制”(41877100)

Effects of Application Methods of Base Fertilizer on Wheat Seedling Emergence and Growth

Wei Jianlin1(), Tan Deshui1, Li Guosheng1, Li Yan1, Sun Yan2, Liu Pengpeng2, Cui Rongzong1()   

  1. 1Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science/ Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment of Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture/Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Environmental Protection Fertilizers, Jinan 250100
    2Mosaic Chemical Fertilizer (Yantai) Company Limited in Shandong Province, Yantai Shandong 264000
  • Received:2020-03-18 Revised:2020-08-22 Online:2021-02-05 Published:2021-01-25
  • Contact: Cui Rongzong

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摘要：

通过室内盆栽试验研究不同基肥施用方式对小麦出苗及苗期生长的影响。设置种肥混播条播、条播侧方施肥、条播下方施肥、种肥混播宽幅撒播4种播种施肥方式,同时每个播种施肥方式下设置225、375、600 kg/hm2 3个肥料用量水平。结果表明,种肥混播条播方式对小麦的出苗影响极为明显,且随着施肥量的增加小麦出苗率明显降低,条播侧方施肥、下方施肥以及种肥混播宽幅撒播方式对于小麦的出苗率影响不大。在种肥混播方式下,无论条播还是宽幅撒播方式均表现出了随着施肥量增加小麦株高和根系增加的趋势,其中种肥混播宽幅撒播方式下小麦株高和根长数值相对较高。同一播种施肥方式下,小麦地上部生物量随着施肥量的增加而增加,而在等量肥料投入的情况下,地上部生物量均表现为种肥混播宽幅撒播>条播侧方施肥>条播下方施肥>种肥混播条播。本试验条件下,建议小麦基肥采用种肥混播宽幅撒播的方式,以降低化肥用量、保证出苗安全和培育壮苗。

关键词: 小麦, 施肥位置, 种肥混播, 出苗率, 生物量

Abstract:

To explore the suitable base fertilizer method for wheat pre-winter seedlings, the effects of different base fertilizers on wheat seedling growth were studied by houseplant experiment. Four kinds of sowing and fertilizing methods were designed, such as seeds and fertilizers mixed and sown into a line, fertilized on the side of the sowing line, fertilized under the sowing line, seeds and fertilizers mixed and wide sowing. And in each mode, three fertilizer dosages of 225, 375, and 600 kg/hm2 were set up. The results showed that the method of seed and fertilizer mixed into a line had a significant effect on the emergence of wheat seedling, and with the increase of fertilizing amount, the emergence rate of wheat decreased significantly. The other three methods of sowing and fertilizing had no obvious effect on the emergence of wheat. In the case of fertilizer and seed mixed, both sowing methods showed a trend of increasing plant height and root length with the increase of fertilizing amount. The plant height and root length of wheat were higher in the wide-seeding method. Using the same sowing method, the aboveground biomass of wheat increased with the increase of the fertilizing amount. In the case of equal amount of fertilizer input, the order of the aboveground biomass of wheat was as follows: seed and fertilizer mixed and wide sowing> fertilized on the side of the sowing line> fertilized under the sowing line> seed and fertilizer mixed and sown into a line. Under the condition of this experiment, it is suggested that the seeds and fertilizers should be mixed and widely sown to optimize the sowing of wheat.

Key words: wheat, fertilization position, mixed planting of seed and fertilizer, emergence rate, biomass

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