Abstract: The rice-fish farming system in Qingtian County, Zhejiang Province, as one of Globally- important Ingenious Agricultural Heritage Systems has been given more attentions on its conservation and sustainable development. Based on the field investigation and visit, the reasons for this kind of farming system which lasted for long history were discussed in this paper. And the challenges of the rice-fish farming system were also presented as following problems from market, industrialization, tourism development and agriculture culture disappearing. Finally, a series of countermeasures were put forward as following aspects, which include conducting ecological planning of whole village, establishing the conservation area for the rice-fish farming system, creating the rice-fish product brands, developing agriculture tourism and setting up multi-participation mechanism.