箭筈豌豆、玉米产量对间作和施氮水平的响应

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0708

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究不同施氮水平下箭筈豌豆、玉米产量对单作和间作的响应,对于优化栽培措施、提高作物产量具有重要意义。本试验于2017年在甘肃河西绿洲灌溉区进行,重点研究是不同施氮水平下箭筈豌豆、玉米在单作及间作模式中干物质累积、产量构成、产量表现。结果表明,间作箭筈豌豆干物质累积量与单作相比在不施氮(N0)、减量施氮(N1)和常规施氮(N2)处理下分别提高44.0%、36.7%和37.2%;施氮水平间,间作模式下N1比N2和N0提高9.1%和25.5%,单作模式下提高9.4%和32.1%。间作玉米干物质累积量与单作相比在N0、N1和N2处理下分别提高23.3%、22.5%和23.0%;施氮水平间,间作模式下N1比N2和N0提高9.3%和19.8%,单作模式下提高9.9%和20.7%。间作模式下箭筈豌豆豆荚数和玉米穗数较相应单作分别增加7.6%和14.5%,两者的产量较单作分别提高34.9%和27.0%。由通径分析可知,箭筈豌豆产量决定次序是豆荚数>粒重>单荚粒数,玉米产量决定次序是穗数>粒重>穗粒数。间作结合施氮量240 kg/hm²能获得较高干物质积累量和产量,是河西灌溉区玉米间作箭筈豌豆适宜的施氮水平。

关键词: 箭筈豌豆, 玉米, 间作, 产量, 通径分析

Abstract:

Investigating the yield response of common vetch and maize in single culture and intercropping to different N-fertilizer rates is important to optimize farming practices and improve crop yield. This field experiment was conducted in 2017, which focused on exploring the dry matter accumulation, yield components and yield response of maize and common vetch in single culture and intercropping system in Gansu Hexi oasis irrigation area under different N-fertilizer rates. The results showed that dry matter accumulation of common vetch in intercropping was increased by 44.0%, 36.7% and 37.2% compared with that of N0 (zero N), N1 (reduced N) and N2 (traditional N). Among various N-fertilizer treatments, N1 had the highest dry matter accumulation, which increased by 9.1% and 25.5% compared with N2 and N0 under intercropping, and by 9.4% and 32.1% under single culture. Dry matter accumulation of maize in intercropping increased by 23.3%, 22.5% and 23.0% compared with that of single culture under N0, N1 and N2. Also, N1 had the highest dry matter accumulation, which increased by 9.3% and 19.8% compared with that of N2 and N0 under intercropping, and by 9.9% and 20.7% under single culture. Compared with single culture, the pods number of common vetch and ears number of maize under intercropping were improved by 7.6% and 14.5%, and grain yield of the two crops increased by 34.9% and 27.0%. The path analysis revealed that the yield of common vetch was determined by pods number > grain weight > grain number, and that of maize was ears number > grain number > grain weight. Intercropping combined with N-fertilizer rate at 240 kg/hm² could achieve relatively high grain yield, and it should be used as a suitable practice for maize-common vetch intercropping in Hexi irrigation area.

Key words: common vetch, maize, intercropping, yield, path analysis

中图分类号:

S344.2

韩钟英, 赵财, 胡发龙. 箭筈豌豆、玉米产量对间作和施氮水平的响应[J]. 中国农学通报, 2021, 37(25): 11-16.

Han Zhongying, Zhao Cai, Hu Falong. Yield Response of Common Vetch and Maize to Intercropping and N-fertilizer Rate[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2021, 37(25): 11-16.

图/表 4

参考文献 28

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种植模式	施氮水平	箭筈豌豆			玉米
种植模式	施氮水平	豆荚数/株	荚粒数	500粒重/g	穗数/m²	穗粒数	500粒重/g
间作	N0	14.41c	3.88b	39.5e	8.06b	486.8ab	191.8bc
	N1	16.70a	6.12a	45.6a	9.74a	611.5a	204.6a
	N2	15.48b	5.33ab	41.5c	8.27b	564.7ab	195.0ab
单作	N0	13.01d	4.43bc	38.4f	7.40c	310.6bc	176.4c
	N1	15.35b	5.88ab	43.5b	7.80bc	421.4c	179.0bc
	N2	14.95c	5.17bc	40.5d	7.59c	532.3ab	198.4bc
种植模式(C)		0.035	0.952	0.595	0.011	0.059	0.125
施氮水平(N)		0.041	0.036	0.000	0.000	0.629	0.057
C×N		0.080	0.073	0.036	0.003	0.118	0.208

种植模式	施氮水平	箭筈豌豆			玉米
种植模式	施氮水平	豆荚数/株	荚粒数	500粒重/g	穗数/m²	穗粒数	500粒重/g
间作	N0	14.41c	3.88b	39.5e	8.06b	486.8ab	191.8bc
	N1	16.70a	6.12a	45.6a	9.74a	611.5a	204.6a
	N2	15.48b	5.33ab	41.5c	8.27b	564.7ab	195.0ab
单作	N0	13.01d	4.43bc	38.4f	7.40c	310.6bc	176.4c
	N1	15.35b	5.88ab	43.5b	7.80bc	421.4c	179.0bc
	N2	14.95c	5.17bc	40.5d	7.59c	532.3ab	198.4bc
种植模式(C)		0.035	0.952	0.595	0.011	0.059	0.125
施氮水平(N)		0.041	0.036	0.000	0.000	0.629	0.057
C×N		0.080	0.073	0.036	0.003	0.118	0.208

作物	指标	简单相关系数	直接通径系数	间接通径系数
作物	指标	简单相关系数	直接通径系数	X₁	X₂	X₃
箭筈豌豆	X₁	0.812^**	0.501	—	0.255	0.095
	X₂	0.528^**	0.329	0.045	—	0.091
	X₃	0.728^**	0.427	0.047	0.254	—
玉米	X₁	0.779^**	0.515	—	0.182	0.082
	X₂	0.552^**	0.404	0.048	—	0.100
	X₃	0.720^**	0.427	0.053	0.240	—

作物	指标	简单相关系数	直接通径系数	间接通径系数
作物	指标	简单相关系数	直接通径系数	X₁	X₂	X₃
箭筈豌豆	X₁	0.812^**	0.501	—	0.255	0.095
	X₂	0.528^**	0.329	0.045	—	0.091
	X₃	0.728^**	0.427	0.047	0.254	—
玉米	X₁	0.779^**	0.515	—	0.182	0.082
	X₂	0.552^**	0.404	0.048	—	0.100
	X₃	0.720^**	0.427	0.053	0.240	—