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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (24): 63-71.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190700372

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同牧草种植模式对退化农田土壤养分的影响

危庆1,2,3(), 赛吉日呼1,2,3, 王静1,2,3, 程玉臣4, 路战远4, 张向前4, 厉雅华1,2, 孙峰5, 张德健1,2,3()   

  1. 1内蒙古大学生命科学学院,呼和浩特 010070
    2牧草与特色作物生物技术教育部重点实验室,呼和浩特 010070
    3省部共建草原家畜生殖调控与繁育国家重点实验室,呼和浩特 010070
    4内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,呼和浩特 010031
    5阿荣旗农业技术推广中心,内蒙古呼伦贝尔 162750
  • 收稿日期:2019-07-02 修回日期:2019-11-04 出版日期:2020-08-25 发布日期:2020-08-20
  • 通讯作者: 张德健
  • 作者简介:危庆,男,1992年出生,山西忻州人,在读硕士,主要从事土壤耕作和农田生态方面的研究工作。通信地址：010070 内蒙古呼和浩特市玉泉区昭君路24号 内蒙古大学生命科学学院牧草与特色作物生物技术教育部重点实验室,E-mail：2199231624@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目“北方农牧交错带草地退化机理及生态修复技术集成示范”(2016YFC0500705);内蒙古自治区重大专项“北方农牧交错区耕地保育与地力提升关键技术研究示范”(zdzx2018017);“农牧交错风沙区退化农业生态系统修复关键技术研究与示范”(NK2016ZD1024);内蒙古自治区科学技术厅科技计划项目“农牧交错风沙区生态治理关键技术研究”(201702105)

Forage Planting Patterns: Effects on Soil Nutrients in Degraded Farmland

Wei Qing1,2,3(), Saijirihu 1,2,3, Wang Jing1,2,3, Cheng Yucheng4, Lu Zhanyuan4, Zhang Xiangqian4, Li Yahua1,2, Sun Feng5, Zhang Dejian1,2,3()   

  1. 1College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070
    2Key Laboratory of Forage and Characteristic Crop Biotechnology, Hohhot 010070
    3State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Hohhot 010070
    4Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Hohhot 010031
    5Arongqi Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Hulun Buir Inner Mongolia 162750
  • Received:2019-07-02 Revised:2019-11-04 Online:2020-08-25 Published:2020-08-20
  • Contact: Zhang Dejian

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摘要：

为了筛选出牧草最优种植模式,为退化农田地力提升和土地可持续利用提供理论和技术支撑,以敖汉苜蓿和老芒麦为材料,设置3种不同种植模式：单播敖汉苜蓿(Ms)、单播老芒麦(Es)和混播牧草（敖汉苜蓿+老芒麦,In）,以休闲处理为对照(CK)。结果表明：随种植年限增加,土壤速效磷含量先降后升;有机质、速效钾、全氮、全钾含量上升。与CK比较,第1年,各种植模式均提高了土壤有机质、速效钾、碱解氮和全氮含量;Ms和In提高了土壤全磷、全钾含量。第2年,Ms、Es和In土壤碱解氮含量在10~20 cm土层显著降低20.91%~40.05%,速效磷含量在20~40 cm土层显著降低32.19%~39.65%;土壤有机质、全钾含量总体呈升高趋势,速效磷、速效钾含量呈下降趋势,全磷含量在20~40 cm土层显著降低。

关键词: 牧草, 单播, 混播, 退化农田, 养分, 种植年限

Abstract:

To screen out the optimal forage planting pattern and provide theoretical and technical support for the improvement of degraded farmland and sustainable land use, taking Medicago sativa CV. Aohan and Elymus sibiricus L. as materials, we set 3 different planting patterns: single-seeding Medicago sativa CV. Aohan (Ms), single-seeding Elymus sibiricus L. (Es) and intercropping of these two forage (In), with fallow treatment as the control (CK). The results showed that: with the increase of planting years, the soil available phosphorus content first decreased and then increased; organic matter, available potassium, total nitrogen, total potassium content increased; compared with CK, in the first year, the contents of soil organic matter, available potassium, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and total nitrogen increased under different planting patterns; and the contents of soil total phosphorus and total potassium increased under Ms and In groups; in the second year, the alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content of Ms, Es and In decreased by 20.91%-40.05% in 10-20 cm soil layer, and the available phosphorus content decreased by 32.19%-39.65% in 20-40 cm soil layer; the contents of soil organic matter and total potassium increased overall, while the contents of available phosphorus and available potassium decreased; the total phosphorus content decreased significantly in the 20-40 cm soil layer.

Key words: forage, single-seeding, intercropping, degraded farmland, nutrients, planting years

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