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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2012, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (21): 54-57.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0602

所属专题： 玉米； 小麦

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

小麦-夏玉米周年耕作措施对夏玉米茎秆和穗部性状的影响

刘淑梅 张洪生 韩伟 姜雯 张倩   

  • 收稿日期:2012-02-27 修回日期:2012-04-28 出版日期:2012-07-25 发布日期:2012-07-25
  • 基金资助:

    公益性行业（农业）科研专项（北方主要作物抗旱节水综合技术研究与区域示范）;山东省优秀中青年科学家科研奖励基金（旱地冬小麦夏玉米周年高产与水肥高效的协调机制与途径）

Effects of Tillage Managements in Wheat-maize Whole Season on the Stem and Ear Traits in Summer Maize

  • Received:2012-02-27 Revised:2012-04-28 Online:2012-07-25 Published:2012-07-25

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摘要：

为了探索山东省半湿润易旱区夏玉米高产稳产适宜耕作措施，将冬小麦和夏玉米两季耕作技术作为一体，设置了10种周年耕作措施，比较分析不同耕作措施对夏玉米茎秆、穗部性状及产量的影响。耕作试验（一周年）结果表明，不同耕作措施对玉米株高和穗位高没有显著性影响，而对茎粗和穗高系数影响显著，其中对照即常规耕作方式（小麦旋耕+玉米直播+秸秆不还田）茎秆最细，穗高系数最高，而A1B11（小麦旋耕+玉米旋耕+秸秆还田）、A2B21（小麦免耕+玉米直播+秸秆还田）、A3B31（小麦深松+玉米深松+秸秆还田）和A4B41（小麦深耕+玉米深耕+秸秆还田）耕作处理间茎秆粗度均显著高于其他处理。与对照相比，各耕作措施显著增加了玉米穗行粒数和百粒重，秃顶长度减小，籽粒产量和生物量均显著增加，其中A1B11（小麦旋耕+玉米旋耕+秸秆还田）耕作处理籽粒产量最高，比对照高35.83%。

关键词: 性状对比, 性状对比

Abstract:

In order to explore the most suitable tillage to reach high and stable yield in summer maize in sub-humid and drought areas in Shandong province, with ten different tillage treatments during wheat-maize whole season, the effects of tillage managements on the stem and ear characteristics and grain yield in summer maize were studied. The results showed that, effect of different tillage managements on plant height and ear height was not significant, but indeed affected stem diameter and coefficient of ear height significantly, among all tillage managements, stem was the thinnest and coefficient of ear height was the highest in CK (rotary tillage at wheat season + direct seeding maize + no straw returning), and the stem diameter was the highest in treatments A1B11, A2B21, A3B31 and A4B41, i.e. rotary tillage at wheat season + rotary tillage at maize season + straw returning, no-tillage at wheat season + no-tillage at maize season + straw returning, subsoiling tillage at wheat season + subsoiling tillage at maize season + straw returning, deep tillage at wheat season +deep tillage at maize season + straw returning,. Compared with conventional tillage management, all other tillage managements significantly increased kernel numbers per ear and 100-kernel weight, decreased bald length, and increased yield and biomass. The yield was the highest in treatment A1B11, i.e. rotary tillage at wheat season + rotary tillage at maize season + straw returning, and was 35.83% higher than that of CK.