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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2014, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (29): 188-191.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0227

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锡林河流域紫花苜蓿需水规律与灌溉定额优化研究

佟长福,李和平,白巴特尔,王军,郑和祥,杨燕山,苗恒录   

  1. 水利部牧区水利科学研究所,水利部牧区水利科学研究所,水利部牧区水利科学研究所,水利部牧区水利科学研究所,水利部牧区水利科学研究所,水利部牧区水利科学研究所,水利部牧区水利科学研究所
  • 收稿日期:2014-01-22 修回日期:2014-01-22 接受日期:2014-03-24 出版日期:2014-10-31 发布日期:2014-10-31
  • 通讯作者: 佟长福
  • 基金资助:
    水利部公益性行业科研专项项目(201001039)；水利部科技推广计划项目(TG1202 和TG1401)；公益性行业（农业）科研专项项目(201203003)；内蒙古自治区新增“四个千万亩”节水灌溉工程科技支撑项目(20121036)。

Study on Water Requirement Rule and Optimization Irrigation Quota of Alfalfa in Xilin River Basin

  • Received:2014-01-22 Revised:2014-01-22 Accepted:2014-03-24 Online:2014-10-31 Published:2014-10-31

摘要： 为了确定锡林河流域紫花苜蓿生育期内不同阶段的需水量、需水规律和合理的灌溉定额。采用非充分灌溉试验，研究了紫花苜蓿的需水规律、产量与灌溉定额间的关系以及合理灌溉定额。结果表明：第1 茬紫花苜蓿需水高峰值出现在6 月下旬—7 月初，其需水强度最大可达5.09 mm/d；第2 茬紫花苜蓿需水高峰值出现在8 月上旬—8 月中旬，其需水强度最大可达5.23 mm/d。根据紫花苜蓿产量与灌溉定额间表现为二次抛物线型关系，以追求单位面积产量、灌溉水生产效率和生产弹性系数最大为目标，确定紫花苜蓿的合理灌溉定额，该成果为节水灌溉制度的制定和灌溉预报等提供了科学依据。

关键词: 产量构成因素, 产量构成因素

Abstract: In order to determine the water requirement, water requirement rule and rational irrigation quota in different stages during the growth period of alfalfa, the author used non- sufficient irrigation experiment, researched the water requirement rule and relationship of yield and irrigation quota and the rational irrigation quota of alfalfa in Xilin River Basin, and attained some experiment information about the water requirement of alfalfa under water-saving irrigation condition. It was showed that the peak of water demand for the first growth season of alfalfa appeared from the late June to early July, the maximal water demand strength could reach 5.09 mm/d; the water requirement of the second growth season of alfalfa appeared from the early August to middle August, the maximal water demand strength could reach 5.23 mm/d. The relationship between alfalfa yield and irrigation quota was considered as a quadratic parabola. To achieve the targets of maximum yield per unit area, irrigation production efficiency and irrigation production elasticity, and determine rational irrigation quota of alfalfa, this research could supply scientific basis for water saving irrigation program and irrigation forecasting.