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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2014, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (27): 234-240.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1091

所属专题： 玉米

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玉米吐丝后果穗生长动态的研究

李娜娜,郝科星,池宝亮,梁改梅   

  1. 山西省农业科学院旱地农业研究中心,,,
  • 收稿日期:2014-04-16 修回日期:2014-04-16 接受日期:2014-08-18 出版日期:2014-10-15 发布日期:2014-10-15
  • 通讯作者: 李娜娜
  • 基金资助:
    山西省农科院博士基金项目“晋中旱地玉米集雨覆盖种植技术研究”(YBSJJ1302)；公益性行业（农业）专项“山西雨养农田玉米水分高效利用技术研究与示范”(201303104)；国家“十二五”科技支撑计划“旱作农田高效用水关键技术研究与典型示范”(2011BAD09B01)；山西省科技攻关项目“晋中盆地玉米半旱作栽培技术研究”(20140311002-4)

Study on Growth Dynamics of Maize Ear after Anthesis Based on Image Processing

  • Received:2014-04-16 Revised:2014-04-16 Accepted:2014-08-18 Online:2014-10-15 Published:2014-10-15

摘要： 为研究玉米果穗生长发育的变化规律，探索玉米结实率和秃尖形成的原因，研究不同品种和栽培条件对玉米果穗生长动态的影响。借助现代图像处理技术对2 种结实性不同的玉米果穗生长进行动态研究，对玉米穗长、穗粗、秃尖长度、果穗的体积、穗轴的体积、穗粒的体积进行测定。结果表明：（1）玉米从吐丝开始到成熟全过程果穗的生长符合Logistic 方程模拟。（2）玉米的穗长、穗粗、穗体积、穗轴体积、穗粒体积都的动态变化都是：快速增加→缓慢增加。穗粗达到最大增长速率的时间越靠后，作物才能更有效地供给果穗养分，而使果穗直径增大。从体积动态变化可以看出，生长条件差的陕单902 在吐丝14天后，果穗体积和穗粒体积的增长明显减慢，而郑单958 仍然再平缓的增长。这表明陕单902 的结实性差，在吐丝14 天之后穗粒体积的增长的速度慢，导致了玉米秃尖形成。（3）从玉米穗粒质量、穗粒与果穗的干质量比值和穗粒与果穗体积比值的动态变化可以看出：在不同的生长条件下相同品种的增长变化趋势是一致的。在相同的品种下，生长条件好的处理干质量比值低于生长条件差的。不同的生长条件同一个品种比较，生长条件好的体积比例高于生长条件差的。（4）从穗产量和果穗性状特征值上看，陕单902 的秃尖长度显著高于郑单958。4 个不同处理的玉米穗粒体积与果穗体积的比值，郑单958 的比值高于陕单902，要提要玉米的产量并且防止秃尖性状的发生就要注重在吐丝7~14天的管理。

关键词: 西门塔尔牛, 西门塔尔牛

Abstract: In order to study the variation of growth and development of maize ear, explore maize seed-setting rate and the reasons for the formation of barren ear tip, the author studied different varieties and cultivation conditions on the growth dynamics of maize ear. This paper used modern image processing techniques on two different fecundity of maize and studied the growth dynamic of maize ear, and determined ear length, ear diameter, barren ear tip length, ear volume, ear axis volume and ear kernels volume. The results showed: (1) From the beginning of the maize pollination to the maturity, the growth accorded with the Logistic equation simulation. (2) The dynamic change of ear length, ear diameter, ear volume, ear axis volume and ear kernels volume was from rapid growth to slow growth, showed that the time of ear diameter achieving the maximum growth rate was later, crops could effectively supply ear nutrient, and it made ear diameter increase. It could be seen from the change of volume that after anthesis 14 d, increasing in ear volume and ear kernels volume of the poor growing conditions’Shandan 902 was significantly slower, but Zhengdan 958’s still increased. This indicated that Shandan 902’s fecundity was poor, after anthesis 14d, slower growth in the ear kernels volume led to the formation of barren ear tip. (3) It could be seen from dynamic change of grain weight per ear, the ratio of dry ear kernels weight and dry ear weight, the ratio of ear kernels volume and ear volume that under different growth conditions that the growth trend of the same variety was consistent. Of the same variety, dry weight ratio of the treatment of good growing conditions was lower than poor growing conditions. Of the same variety under different growth conditions, the ratio of volume in good growing conditions was higher than that in the poor growing conditions. (4) From the ear yield and ear traits characteristic, it could be seen that the barren ear tip length of Shandan 902 was significantly higher than that of Zhengdan 958. Under four different treatments, the ratio of ear kernels volume and ear volume of Zhengdan 958 was higher than that of Shandan 902. To improve ear yield and prevent the occurrence of barren ear tip, management in anthesis 7~14 d must be enhanced.