黄土高原层状云系发展阶段的云物理特征及降水机制分析

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110044

中国农学通报 ›› 2015, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (18): 179-193.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110044

所属专题：现代农业发展与乡村振兴

• 资源环境生态土壤气象 • 上一篇下一篇

黄土高原层状云系发展阶段的云物理特征及降水机制分析

孙鸿娉¹,李培仁¹,闫世明²,晋立军¹,申东东¹,封秋娟¹,李义宇¹

(¹山西省人工降雨防雹办公室,太原 030002；²山西省气象科学研究所,太原 030002）

收稿日期:2014-11-07 修回日期:2015-03-23 接受日期:2015-04-13 出版日期:2015-07-27 发布日期:2015-07-27
通讯作者: 孙鸿娉
基金资助:
山西省自然科学基金“山西省大气气溶胶分布特征及气溶胶对云宏微观特性影响的研究”(2013011038-1)；山西省气象局2013重点项目“多通道并行微波辐射计资料在气象领域的应用研究”(SXKZDDQ20138704)；公益性行业（气象）科研专项“层状云人工增雨作业条件识别和效果分析技术”(GYHY201206025)。

Analysis of Cloud Physical Characteristics and Precipitation Mechanisms in Stratiform Cloud Development Stage

Sun Hongping¹, Li Peiren¹, Yan Shiming², Jin Lijun¹, Shen Dongdong¹, Feng Qiujuan¹, Li Yiyu¹

(¹Weather Modification Office of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030002;²Shanxi Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Taiyuan 030002)

Received:2014-11-07 Revised:2015-03-23 Accepted:2015-04-13 Online:2015-07-27 Published:2015-07-27

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 由于对复杂云结构特征认识与实时监测识别能力的限制，当前的人工增雨实际作业中，催化最佳时机、最佳部位的判定还是非常困难的，为充分发挥地基、空基和遥感等先进探测装备的作用，建立最佳作业潜力区的实时识别技术，利用2010年4月20日机载DMT云粒子测量、GPS、雷达和卫星等对山西省层状云系发展阶段的探测资料，分析云的微物理结构特征及降水机制，对提高人工影响天气催化作业的科学性具有重要意义，同时为短时临近预报提供新的依据。结果表明：本次探测层状云系发展阶段为多层结构，垂直方向上有3层云，云层之间夹有2个干层，云系厚度约为4500 m，较深厚，高层是冰云Cs，中低层是冷性的As和Ns，符合自然“播种—供水”的降水机制。垂直方向对应3个丰水区，在5400~5600 m高度的丰水区，对应温度为-9~-11.2℃左右，是云粒子快速增长区，凝华增长和冰晶聚合是该区的主要物理过程，3600 m附近大量过冷水存在为降水粒子的长大提供了较好的条件，2800~3200 m高度层（0℃层附近）为融化和碰并增长层。从高层至低层，云粒子谱型有较强的规律性。从本次飞机观测云的结果来看，层积云粒子谱型在降雨形成前，主要为单峰型，降雨形成初期为双峰型。大云滴和部分小冰晶粒子谱型均呈多峰分布，且在800 μm以下出现了明显的不连续现象。探测过程中云粒子浓度在较大的时空范围内起伏较小，而相应时空范围内冰晶粒子浓度均小于10 /L，该云区对于实施人工催化是非常有利的。

关键词: ‘灵武长枣’, ‘灵武长枣’, 药剂处理, 坐果率, 叶绿素含量, 果实着色率

Abstract: The study aims to take full advantage of weather radar, cloud particle measuring systems (DMT) and advanced detection equipment, such as satellite, establish recognized technology in time, and decide when and where to conduct artificial rainfall. By using the April 20, 2010 DMT cloud particle measuring system detection data of stratiform cloud stage of Shanxi Province, the author analyzed the cloud microphysical characteristics and precipitation mechanisms. The results showed that the detected cloud had a multilayer structure, there were 3 layers in vertical direction, 2 dry layers were sandwiched between clouds, cloud thickness was about 4500 m and more profound, the high-rise was Cs, the low layer was the cold resistance of As and Ns, precipitation mechanism was in accord with the natural "sowing-water supply". In 5400-5600 m layer, the temperature was -9- -11.2℃, as the rapid cloud particle growth layer, the sublimation of ice growth and aggregation growth were the important physical processes. Around 3600 meters, large supercooled water for precipitation particle growth provided a good condition, 2800-3200 m layer (near 0℃ layer) was melting and coalescence growth layer. From high to low layer, cloud particle spectra had good regularity. The aircraft observations of cloud result showed that stratocumulus particle spectra were mainly unimodal before the rainfall, bimodal at the initial formation of the rainfall. Large droplets and some small ice particle spectra showed a multimodal distribution, and the emergence of the discontinuous phenomenon was obvious when it was less than 800 μm. Based on integrated analysis of the cloud data, the particle concentration that CDP detected is stable in the larger spatial, there are few ups and downs, while the corresponding particle concentration that CIP detected is less than 10 /L, such a cloud is more favorable for artificial precipitation.

孙鸿娉,李培仁,闫世明,晋立军,申东东,封秋娟,李义宇. 黄土高原层状云系发展阶段的云物理特征及降水机制分析[J]. 中国农学通报, 2015, 31(18): 179-193.

Sun Hongping,Li Peiren,Yan Shiming,Jin Lijun,Shen Dongdong,Feng Qiujuan and Li Yiyu. Analysis of Cloud Physical Characteristics and Precipitation Mechanisms in Stratiform Cloud Development Stage[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2015, 31(18): 179-193.

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黄土高原层状云系发展阶段的云物理特征及降水机制分析

Analysis of Cloud Physical Characteristics and Precipitation Mechanisms in Stratiform Cloud Development Stage

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