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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2015, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (24): 6-13.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15020011

所属专题： 水稻

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于分期播种的水稻生长动态及产量对热量条件的响应

于文颖1,纪瑞鹏1,冯 锐1,武晋雯1,张玉书1,王 鹏2,王 婷3   

  1. (1中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所,沈阳 110166；2辽宁省气象台,沈阳 110166；3辽宁省气象科学研究所,沈阳 110166）
  • 收稿日期:2015-02-02 修回日期:2015-07-16 接受日期:2015-03-25 出版日期:2015-08-26 发布日期:2015-08-26
  • 通讯作者: 纪瑞鹏
  • 基金资助:
    公益性行业(气象)科研专项“东北寒地水稻低温冷害动态监测预警关键技术研究”(GYHY201306036)；辽宁省科学技术厅农业攻关及成果产业化项目“区域性暴雨及农业气象灾害精细化预报及风险评估研究”(2014210003)；中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项重点项目“辽宁省玉米/水稻气候适宜度诊断预报定量化技术研发”(2014IAE-CMA01)。

Response of Rice Growth Dynamic and Yield to Heat Condition Based on Sowing Date

Yu Wenying1, Ji Ruipeng1, Feng Rui1, Wu Jinwen1, Zhang Yushu1, Wang Peng2, Wang Ting3   

  1. (1Institute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang 110166;2Meteorological Observatory of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110166;3Institute of Meteorological Science of Liaoning, Shenyang 110166)
  • Received:2015-02-02 Revised:2015-07-16 Accepted:2015-03-25 Online:2015-08-26 Published:2015-08-26

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摘要： 为了研究东北地区水稻生长发育和产量对温度变化的敏感性，以2个水稻品种（‘辽星1’、‘辽优5218’）为试验材料，设置4个播种期，分析播期对水稻生长动态和产量特征的影响。结果表明：（1）‘辽星1’在I、III、IV播期分蘖数达到峰值较II播期少用积温400℃左右；I和IV播期最大分蘖数较II播期分别减少3.16%和15.50%，III播期增加3.85%。‘辽优5218’在III和IV播期分蘖数到达峰值较II播期多用积温300℃左右；I、III、IV播期最大分蘖数较II播期分别增加7.12%、32.51%、19.59%。（2）‘辽星1’在I和IV播期株高较II播期偏低，III播期最高；‘辽优5218’在I、III、IV播期株高偏低，I播期最矮。（3）‘辽星1’在I和III播期叶面积指数达到峰值较II播期分别多用积温300℃和200℃左右，IV播期少用100℃左右；I、III、IV播期最大叶面积指数较II播期分别增加48.5%、113.3%、31.6%。‘辽优5218’在I播期叶面积指数达到峰值较II播期多用积温500℃左右，III和IV播期分别少用400℃和100℃左右；I和III播期最大叶面积指数较II播期分别减少31.6%和27.6%，IV播期增加20.9%。（4）‘辽星1’在III播期地上干质量最高，IV播期最低；‘辽优5218’在I播期地上干质量最高，II播期最低。（5）‘辽星1’在I、III、IV播期的产量较II播期分别减产5.64%、6.27%、27.25%；‘辽优5218’在I播期的产量较II播期增加5.66%，III和IV播期分别减产13.14%和31.29%。（6）≥10℃积温2700~2800℃，平均温度24℃左右更适宜辽宁水稻生长和产量形成。

关键词: 天敌, 天敌, 农业景观, 植物搭配, 廊道设计

Abstract: In order to study the sensitivity of the rice growth and yield to temperature change in northeast China, two rice cultivars (‘Liaoxing1’ and ‘Liaoyou5218’) with four sowing dates were measured in field experiments. This paper analyzed the effect of sowing date on growth and yield characteristics of two rice cultivars. The results showed: (1) the accumulated temperature of ‘Liaoxing1’ in I, III and IV sowing dates was 400℃ less than that of II sowing date when the tiller number reached peak; compared with II, the maximum tiller number in I and IV decreased by 3.16% and 15.50%, respectively, and increased by 3.85% in III; the accumulated temperature of ‘Liaoyou5218’ in III and IV was 300℃ more than that of II when tiller number reached peak; compared with II, the maximum tiller number in I, III and IV increased by 7.12%, 32.51% and 19.59%, respectively; (2) the plant height of ‘Liaoxing1’ in I and IV was lower than that of II, and in III was the highest; the plant height of ‘Liaoyou5218’ in I and III was lower than that of II, and in I was the lowest; (3) the accumulated temperature of ‘Liaoxing1’ in I and III was 300℃ and 200℃ more than that of II when leaf area index reached peak, and less than 100℃ in IV; compared with II, the maximum leaf area index in I, III and IV increased by 48.5%, 113.3% and 31.6%, respectively; the accumulated temperature of ‘Liaoyou5218’ in I was 500℃ more than that of II when leaf area index reached peak, and less than 400℃ and 100℃ in III and IV; compared with II, the maximum leaf area index in I and III decreased by 31.6% and 27.6%, and increased by 20.9% in IV; (4) the shoot dry weight of ‘Liaoxing1’ in III was the highest, and in IV was the lowest; the shoot dry weight of ‘Liaoyou5218’ in I was the highest, and in II was the lowest; (5) compared with II, the yield of ‘Liaoxing1’ in I, III and IV decreased by 5.64%, 6.27% and 27.25%, respectively; the yield of ‘Liaoyou5218’ in I increased by 5.66%, decreased by13.14% and 31.29% in III and IV; (6) the accumulated temperature (≥10℃) under 2700-2800℃ and average?temperature about 24℃ were suitable for rice on growth and yield development in Liaoning.