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中国农学通报 ›› 2015, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (25): 53-59.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15020111

所属专题: 园艺 农业气象

• 林学 园艺 园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

地膜不同覆盖方式对大棚秋季小气候及黄瓜生长和品质的影响

张红梅,吴剑桥,金海军,丁小涛,余纪柱   

  1. 上海市农业科学院园艺所,上海市农业机械研究所,上海市农业科学院园艺所,上海市农业科学院园艺所,上海市设施园艺技术重点实验室
  • 收稿日期:2015-02-28 修回日期:2015-05-20 接受日期:2015-05-25 出版日期:2015-09-23 发布日期:2015-09-23
  • 通讯作者: 余纪柱
  • 基金资助:
    :国家863 计划项目“自然光植物工厂集成示范”(2013AA103006);上海市农委项目“设施果菜类主要蔬菜分子标记的开发与新品种选育”[沪农科种字(2013)第5 号];上海市农委青年人才成长计划项目“黄瓜热伤害与热适应生理生化机制及嫁接提高耐热性的研究”[沪农青字(2015)第1- 18 号]。

Effect of Different Film Mulching Methods on Microclimate and Growth and Quality of Cucumber in Greenhouse in Autumn

  • Received:2015-02-28 Revised:2015-05-20 Accepted:2015-05-25 Online:2015-09-23 Published:2015-09-23

摘要: 为探讨秋季地膜覆盖对大棚环境和黄瓜生长的影响,在大棚栽培条件下,通过畦面地膜覆盖(对照)、畦面覆膜畦沟铺稻壳和畦面畦沟全膜覆盖栽培黄瓜对比试验,研究不同覆盖方式对大棚空气温湿度、土壤温度、CO2浓度变化以及对黄瓜生长、产量和品质的影响。结果表明:畦面覆膜沟铺稻壳的方式使土壤温度降低了1℃左右,大棚内空气湿度略有增加,霜霉病病情较重。畦面畦沟全膜覆盖明显提高了秋季大棚内的空气温度和土壤温度,空气湿度比对照降低4.9%,CO2浓度增加了34%,霜霉病病情指数较低,产量和果实中维生素C、可溶性蛋白和游离氨基酸的含量增加。在夏秋高温季节使用畦膜沟铺稻壳的栽培方式,可以降低定植初期的土壤温度,有利于缓苗。在秋季以及秋延后的黄瓜栽培中,利用畦沟全膜覆盖方式可以明显提高产量,改善黄瓜品质。

关键词: 农业结构调整, 农业结构调整, 实践, 启示, 荷兰, 上海

Abstract: In order to discuss the effect of film mulching on greenhouse environment and cucumber growth, an experiment was conducted to study the effect of different film mulching methods (only ridges mulched method, ridges mulched and gullies paved rice husk method and ridges and gullies fully mulched method) on air temperature, air moisture, soil temperature and CO2 concentration and cucumber growth, quality in plastic covered tunnel greenhouse in autumn with the experiment material of European short cucumber. The results showed that the method of ridges mulched and gullies paved rice husk decreased soil temperature about 1℃ on high temperature day in September, and increased air moisture a little, which could induce cucumber downy mildew. The greenhouse of ridges and gullies fully mulched method had higher air temperature and soil temperature. Air moisture of the cultivation method decreased by 4.9% and CO2 concentration increased about 34% comparing with that of the control, which were beneficial to cucumber growth and the decrease of downy mildew. These favorable factors increased the yield of cucumber and the contents of vitamin C, soluble protein and free amino acids of cucumber fruit. Therefore, using the method of ridges mulched and gullies paved rice husk could decrease the soil temperature in hot season, which was beneficial to seedling recovering. In late autumn season, using the method of ridges and gullies fully mulched was the simple and effective cultivation measure to increase yield and income.