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中国农学通报 ›› 2016, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (33): 43-48.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020026

所属专题: 玉米

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

农艺措施和保水剂对夏玉米产量和根际生物活性的影响

赵霞,王浩然,何宁,吴凤兰,唐保军,黄瑞冬,李平芳,李潮海   

  1. 河南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,河南农业大学农学院,河南省农业科学院科技成果示范推广处,河南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所/河南省玉米生物学重点实验室,河南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所/河南省玉米生物学重点实验室,沈阳农业大学,河南省郸城县农业科学研究所,河南农业大学农学院
  • 收稿日期:2016-02-04 修回日期:2016-07-27 接受日期:2016-08-25 出版日期:2016-11-25 发布日期:2016-11-25
  • 通讯作者: 赵霞
  • 基金资助:
    :河南省玉米产业技术体系建设专项“玉米产业技术体系耕作栽培岗位专家”(S2010-02-04)、(S2015-02-04);公益性行业(农业)科研专项“黄 淮流域小麦玉米水稻田间用节水节肥节药综合技术方案”(201503130);河南省科研发展专项资金“玉米抗旱品种的筛选及评价指标的研究” (201412015)。

Effects of Agronomic Measures and Water-retaining Agent on Yield and Rhizospheric Biological Activity of Summer Maize

  • Received:2016-02-04 Revised:2016-07-27 Accepted:2016-08-25 Online:2016-11-25 Published:2016-11-25

摘要: 为进一步研究和解决黄淮海免耕夏玉米栽培节水问题,于2011年和2012年进行大田种植和室内分析试验,测定微生物数量、根际酶活性及产量指标,研究了农艺措施(播后镇压、秸秆覆盖)和保水剂对夏玉米产量和根际生物活性的影响。结果表明,处理A(播后镇压)、处理B(播后镇压 秸秆覆盖)、处理C(播后镇压 保水剂)、比处理E(播种后只覆土)能不同程度地提高夏玉米产量和增加土壤根际细菌、放线菌、真菌数量及脲酶、蛋白酶活性,这种作用在夏玉米的生长前期更明显。处理D(播后镇压 秸秆平茬覆盖 保水剂)集成了镇压、秸秆覆盖、保水剂的作用,提高夏玉米产量和根际生物活性的效果最好。建议在黄淮海区夏玉米实行播后镇压结合秸秆覆盖等农艺措施,结合保水剂的使用可进一步提高应用效果。

关键词: 芋, 芋, 离体培养, 花粉活力, 花粉贮藏

Abstract: The objective is to study water saving cultivation of summer maize (Zea mays L.) in Huanghuaihai area. A field experiment and indoor analysis was carried out in 2011 and 2012. The microbial numbers, rhizosphere enzyme activities and yield were determined. The effects of agronomic measures (compacting after sowing and returning straw) and water- retaining agent on the yield and rhizosphere enzyme activities of summer maize, were studied. The results showed as follows: treatment A (the compacting after sowing), treatment B (returning straw) and treatment C (water-retaining agent) were more beneficial to increase the yield of summer maize, raise the quantities of soil rhizosphere bacteria, actinomycete and fungi, and enhance the activities of soil urease enzymes and protease. The effects were more distinct at the early growth stage. Treatment D (compacting after sowing returning straw water- retaining agent) integrated the effects of compacting after sowing, returning straw and water-retaining agent. And the effects increasing the yield and rhizosphere biological activity were the best. These agronomic measures such as compacting after sowing combining with returning straw in Huanghuaihai area, are recommended, and they will further raise the application effect with water-retaining agent.

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