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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (25): 8-15.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040046

所属专题： 小麦

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

匀播和密度对小麦萌发及幼苗性状的影响

张金汕, 孙鹏, 刘俊, 刘冲, 石书兵   

  1. 新疆农业大学农学院
  • 收稿日期:2018-04-10 修回日期:2018-06-20 接受日期:2018-07-12 出版日期:2019-09-05 发布日期:2019-09-05
  • 通讯作者: 石书兵
  • 基金资助:
    新疆维吾尔自治区科技援疆项目“新疆冬小麦立体匀播技术研究与示范”(2016E02003)。

Effect of Uniforming Pattern and Density on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Wheat

  • Received:2018-04-10 Revised:2018-06-20 Accepted:2018-07-12 Online:2019-09-05 Published:2019-09-05

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摘要： 为研究匀播和密度对小麦萌发和幼苗性状的影响，选用新春31号小麦为供试材料，种植方式设匀播和条播2个处理，密度设25、36、49和64株/箱（分别以D1、D2、D3和D4表示）4个处理，测定了小麦胚根和幼苗性状的各项指标。结果表明，与条播方式相比，匀播小麦幼苗胚根根尖数、分叉数、表面积和体积均增大，幼苗茎秆直径和苗高分别增高6.15?％和1.02?％，且随着种植密度增大，幼苗茎秆直径和苗高均表现为先增大后减小的变化趋势。匀播方式下胚根快速伸长的时间比条播缩短1.16?d，理论最大胚根长度降低2.95?％，而根系最大伸长速率则升高8.96?％。胚根长度与胚根重、茎叶重呈显著或极显著正相关，与籽粒残留物重呈极显著负相关；胚根平均直径与胚根重、茎叶重和幼苗重均呈显著性负相关；胚根重与茎叶重和幼苗重均呈极显著正相关。其中，种植模式和密度对23?d的根干重有显著性影响，对其他时段各项指标均无显著性影响。萌发期间籽粒贮藏干物质的转化率和消耗率均呈先升高后降低的变化趋势，且转运率于第15?d时达到最大，匀播比条播高0.26?%，差异不显著。而消耗率于第11?d左右达到最大，匀播比条播高10.61?%，差异达显著性水平。种植密度无显著性影响。本研究结果为进一步研究匀播栽培技术提供了理论依据。

关键词: 不同类型土壤, 不同类型土壤, 棉花产量, 构成因素, 成铃时空分布

Abstract: To research the effect of uniforming pattern and density on seed germination and seedling traits of wheat,‘Xinchun 31’was used as material. Two sowing ways were set up, which were uniforming and drilling pattern, the density of 25, 36, 49 and 64 plants/box were set (D1, D2, D3 and D4), indicators of the wheat radicle and seedling traits were studied. The results showed that compared with the drilling pattern, wheat seedling radicle number, branch number, root surface area and volume of uniforming pattern increased, seedling stem diameter and seedling height increased by 6.15% and 1.02%, respectively, and with the increase of planting density, seedling stem diameter and seedling height increased and then decreased. The radicle rapid elongation time under uniforming pattern was 1.16 days shorter than that of drilling pattern, the theoretical maximum length of radicle decreased by 2.95%, while root maximum elongation rate increased by 8.96%. Radicle length had significantly or extremely and significantly positive correlation with radicle weight and stem and leaf weight, and significantly negative correlation with the grain residue weight; radicle average diameter had significantly negative correlation with radicle weight, stem and leaf weight and seedling weight; radicle weight had significantly positive correlation with stem leaf weight and seedling weight. Among them, the planting pattern and density had significant effects on root dry weight of 23 days, had little effect on the other indexes of other times. The conversion rate and consumption rate of dry matter in grain in germination stage first increased and then decreased, the conversion rate reached the highest on the 15th day, and that of uniforming pattern was 0.26% higher than that of drilling pattern with non-significant difference. The consumption rate reached the highest on the 11th day, and that of uniforming method was 10.61% higher than that of drilling method with significant difference. Planting density had little effect on the conversion rate and the consumption rate.