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中国农学通报 ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (14): 25-31.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050138

所属专题: 油料作物 园艺

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同种植密度对免耕山地油菜农艺性状和产量的影响

杨进成1, 李 祥1, 胡新洲1, 沈祥宏1, 刘坚坚1, 施立安1, 李灶福2, 张玉荣1, 张云明3, 李红彦1, 陈亮新4, 安正云1   

  1. 1.玉溪市农业科学院;2.易门县农业技术推广站;3.峨山县塔甸镇农科站;4.元江县农业技术推广站
  • 收稿日期:2018-05-26 修回日期:2018-07-10 接受日期:2018-07-17 出版日期:2019-05-15 发布日期:2019-05-15
  • 通讯作者: 安正云
  • 基金资助:
    云南省创新人才培养计划“山地油菜避灾高效栽培技术研究与应用”(2011CI103);云南省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项“玉溪市田油菜 高产高效种植技术集成示范”(ynnycyjstx-5);玉溪市科技计划“玉溪市油菜育种重点实验室建设”(ZX200901)。

Influence of Planting Density on Agronomic Traits and Yield of No-till Mountain Rapeseed

  • Received:2018-05-26 Revised:2018-07-10 Accepted:2018-07-17 Online:2019-05-15 Published:2019-05-15

摘要: 为在低纬高原山区综合评价并推广免耕山地油菜最优的种植密度,采用灰色关联度和模糊聚类等分析方法,对玉溪市2013—2015年4个不同海拔试点10个种植密度的免耕山地油菜农艺性状和产量进行对比分析。结果表明:(1)随着油菜种植密度的增加,倒伏指数增加,生育期、倒伏率、冻害率、冻害指数和白粉病发病率、病情指数有增加的趋势,而鸟害率和鸟害指数总体有下降的态势;(2)不同种植密度油菜的主要农艺性状有较大差异,单株有效角果数和单株生产力随着密度的增加而减少,而角粒数和千粒重则有不同程度的下降;(3)不同种植密度油菜产量与主要农艺因子的关联度差异较大;(4)不同种植密度间的产量存在不同程度的差异。推荐低纬高原山区免耕山地油菜最优种植密度为30万~36万株/hm2。

关键词: 蓖麻, 蓖麻, 栽培 农艺和经济性状, 云南 适应性

Abstract: The paper aims to explore the optimum planting density of rapeseed in no-till low latitude mountain areas. By using grey relation analysis and fuzzy cluster analysis, agronomic traits and yield of ten planting densities of rapeseed grown in no-till mountain areas with 4 different latitudes were compared in 2013-2015 in Yuxi. The results showed that: (1) with the increase of planting density, the lodging index rose, and the growth period, frozen percentage, frozen index, incidence of powdery mildew and disease index had an increasing trend, however, bird damage percentage and bird damage index appeared a decreasing trend; (2) the main agronomic traits were significantly different due to the difference of planting density, the number of effective pods per plant and productivity per plant decreased with the rise of planting density, seeds per pod and thousand-seed weight declined to different degrees as well; (3) there were varied associations between main agronomic traits and the planting density; (4) the yield under different planting densities varied a lot. The optimum planting density of 300-360 thousand plants per hectare is recommended for the low latitude no-till mountain areas.