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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (28): 98-104.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070113

• 资源 环境 生态 土壤 气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

近56年来青海高原干湿变化与植被变化关系研究

刘义花、刘蓉娜、李红梅   

  1. 青海省气候中心、青海省应急与减灾处
  • 收稿日期:2018-07-24 修回日期:2019-01-28 接受日期:2019-02-11 出版日期:2019-10-14 发布日期:2019-10-14
  • 通讯作者: 刘义花、刘蓉娜、李红梅
  • 基金资助:
    无

The Relationship Between Dry-wet Change and Vegetation in Qinghai Plateau: 1961-2016

  • Received:2018-07-24 Revised:2019-01-28 Accepted:2019-02-11 Online:2019-10-14 Published:2019-10-14

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摘要： 基于1961～2016年56个青海省气象观测台站数据及MODIS数据,讨论了青海省近56年来季、年的时空变化特征,结果表明：①近56 a来,青海高原多年平均地表湿润指数为0.42,湿润指数总体呈略微增加趋势,变化倾向率为0.002/10a。显著偏旱段1961～1980年、1990～2002年,显著偏涝段1981～1989年、2003～2012年。②1961～1985年柴达木盆地总体偏干,1985年～2001年,前期偏湿,中后期偏干明显,自2002年以来暖湿化趋势明显；1961～2002年期间环青海湖地区总体以偏干为主,中后期干湿交替,自2003年以来,偏湿趋势明显。东部农业区干湿交替明显,负值出现32年,正值出现24年；1961～1983年青南牧区偏干现象明显,2002年后偏湿趋势明显。③近56年来青海省春季主要以偏湿为主,偏湿年份29年,偏干年份为27年,夏季总体呈现偏干趋势,32年偏干,24年偏湿,秋季干湿交替频繁,冬季总体呈微弱的偏干趋势。 ④从青海省干湿的空间变化来看,60～70年代,青南牧区南部、德令哈、天峻、祁连、乌兰等地干旱趋势明显,东部农业区湿润趋势明显。80年代,柴达木盆地、东部农业区及治多、格尔木代管偏旱趋势明显,青南牧区南部少数地区湿润趋势明显。90年代来看,青南牧区中部及湟中、乐都、民和偏湿,而环青海湖地区、青南牧区东部及格尔木代管等地偏旱趋势明显。00年代以来,全省大部呈明显的偏湿趋势。⑤基于2000年、2015年青海省植被指数,21世纪以来青海省植被指数柴达木盆地、东部农业区、青海湖南岸及黄河的源头增加明显,与青海省干湿变化的格局有很好的响应。

关键词: 大雾, 大雾, 气候特征, 气象条件, 逆温层, 配料法, 马鞍山

Abstract: Based on 56 meteorological stations from 1961 to 2016 and MODIS data, The paper aims to analyze the change of dry–wet condition in Qing Hai plateau in order to explain regional response and mechanism of the global changes and improvement of agriculture, The results showed:① The average surface humidity index in Qinghai province was 0.42,which was slightly increasing and its rate of change was 0.002.(10a)<sub>-1</sub>, there was two distinct drought phases from 1961 to 1980a and from 1990 to 2002a, but wet phases from 1981 to 1989a and from 2003 to 2012a.② The humidity in Qaidam basin showed the trend to drought during the period of 1961 to 1985a, the slightly trend to wet in the earlier stage between 1985 and 2001, but later it showed obviously dry, and especially the trend of wetness was clear since 2003a. The tendency of drought showed in earlier stage of Qinghai lake area, and it became wet obviously since 2003a, The wet and dry was frequent turnover in agricultural area, Negative value of humidity index appeared for 22 years, and positive value was 24 years. There was a clear trend of dry from 1961 to 1983a in Qingnan region ,but it became wet after 2002a. ③It has a wet trend in spring in the recent 56 years, Negative value of humidity index appeared for 29 years in spring, and positive value was 27 years. In summer it has a dry trend, Negative value of humidity index appeared for 32 years in spring, and positive value was 24 years, the wet and dry was frequent turnover in fall, and the trend of dry in winter.④There was an obvious dry trend in the south of Qingnan region, De Lingha, Tianjun, Qilian, Wulan from the 1961s to 1970s,and it also dry in Qaidam basin, the east agriculture ,Zhiduo and Geermu region in 1980s,while wet trend in south of Qingnan region was clear.And it became wet in the middle of Qingnan region, Huangzhong, Ledou and Minhe in 1990s, but the wet tendency of the eastern Qingnan region ,the same wet trend since 2000a.⑤The NDVI index was increased obviously in the Qaidam basin and east agriculture ,the southern Qinghai lake and the source of Huanghe river since 2000s, It had a good response to the pattern of dry and wet change in Qinghai province.