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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (5): 1-6.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18080123

所属专题： 小麦； 农业生态

• 农学 农业基础科学 •    下一篇

四川省小麦品种(系)穗发芽抗性评价

罗江陶, 郑建敏, 蒲宗君, 李式昭   

  1. 四川省农业科学院作物研究所
  • 收稿日期:2018-08-31 修回日期:2019-01-14 接受日期:2018-10-25 出版日期:2019-02-13 发布日期:2019-02-13
  • 通讯作者: 蒲宗君
  • 基金资助:
    四川省科技厅育种攻关项目(2016NYZ0030)；四川省农业科学院青年基金项目(2016QNJJ- 008)；四川省科技厅应用基础项目 (2018JY0627)。

Pre-harvest Sprouting Resistance of Sichuan Wheat Varieties (Lines): An Evaluation

  • Received:2018-08-31 Revised:2019-01-14 Accepted:2018-10-25 Online:2019-02-13 Published:2019-02-13

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摘要： 穗发芽严重影响小麦产量和品质，受到生长环境、种皮颜色和遗传基因的共同控制。由于四川地区在小麦收获季节容易出现高温高湿的气候条件，是小麦穗发芽的常发和重发区。依据材料的穗发芽抗性，有目的性地配制杂交组合选育抗性品种是控制小麦穗发芽的重要策略，而系统鉴定分析各优良品种及品系的穗发芽抗性是亲本选配的重要依据。本研究调查分析了242份2000年来四川省审定小麦品种及即将成为未来几年新品种的2017—2018 年四川省区试品系的田间穗发芽情况，发现分别有23(9.5%)和67 (27.7%)份材料具有强（穗发芽率低于5%）和高（穗发芽率介于5%~15%）的穗发芽抗性。这为穗发芽抗性育种亲本的选择提供了参考；并且发现穗发芽抗性在不同类型材料中存在差异：2000 年来审定品种＜区试普通小麦品系＜区试早播早熟小麦品系＜区试特殊用途小麦品系，穗发芽抗性在未来几年品种中将有所增强；种皮颜色对穗发芽抗性具有强烈影响，随着种皮颜色加深，穗发芽抗性越强，但仍发现3 份（‘川育26’、‘川辐9 号’、‘川辐17 号’）白皮小麦材料具有强的穗发芽抗性，为白皮小麦抗穗发芽育种提供参考。其次发现在四川环境下，早播可能会提高小麦品种的穗发芽抗性。

关键词: 弗莱维赫牛, 弗莱维赫牛, 胚胎, 超数排卵

Abstract: The pre-harvest sprouting controlled by growth environment, seed color and genetic gene, could seriously influence the yield and quality of wheat. Due to the high temperature and high humidity condition during the wheat harvest season, Sichuan is the frequent and severe occurrence area of pre-harvest sprouting. According to the pre-harvest sprouting resistance of the materials, the purposeful selection and preparation of hybrid combinations to breed resistant varieties is an important strategy to control the pre-harvest sprouting. And it is important to systematically identify the pre-harvest sprouting resistance of each excellent varieties and lines. This study investigated the filed frequency of pre- harvest sprouting of 242 varieties and lines, including approved wheat varieties in Sichuan since 2000 and regional tested in Sichuan from 2017 to 2018, which would become new varieties in recent years. It was found that there were 23 (9.5%) and 67 (27.7%) materials, respectively, which were likely to have strong pre- harvest sprouting resistance (pre- harvest sprouting rate less than 5%) and high pre-harvest sprouting resistance (between 5% and 15%). This provided references for parent selection of pre-harvest sprouting resistance breeding, and found the difference in the pre-harvest sprouting resistance of different materials: the varieties approved since 2000 < regional tested common wheat lines < early sowing early mature wheat lines < special purpose wheat lines. The pre-harvest sprouting resistance of the varieties would increase in the next few years. Seed color had strong influence on pre-harvest sprouting resistance. The darker the seed color, the stronger the resistance of the pre-harvest sprouting. However, there were still 3 white wheat materials‘( Chuanyu26’,‘Chuanfu9’and‘Chuanfu17’) which had strong pre-harvest sprouting resistance, and could be evidence for white seed wheat breeding of preharvest sprouting resistance. In addition, we found that the early sowing might increase the resistance of preharvest sprouting of wheat varieties in Sichuan.

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