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中国农学通报 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (2): 97-103.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18090135

所属专题: 农业气象

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

气候因子对滩涂围垦区不同盐分水平下土壤盐分季节性变化的影响

张蛟, 汪波, 翟彩娇, 黄昭平, 崔士友()   

  1. 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所,江苏南通 226541
  • 收稿日期:2018-09-28 修回日期:2019-02-21 出版日期:2020-01-15 发布日期:2020-04-30
  • 通讯作者: 崔士友
  • 作者简介:张蛟,男,1987年出生,陕西渭南人,助理研究员,硕士,主要从事滩涂土壤养分循环、滩涂改良与利用的研究工作。通信地址:226541 江苏省南通市如皋薛窑沿江农科所,Tel:0513-87573485,E-mail:zhangjiao0609@126.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技支撑计划(2015BAD01B03);江苏省重点研发计划(现代农业BE2015337);南通市科技计划项目——应用基础研究(MS12016047);南通市第五期226人才培养工程项目“沿海滩涂不同年限稻田土壤盐分与有机碳消长规律研究”(NT201722620)

Climate Factors Affecting the Seasonal Variation of Soil Salinity Under Different Salinity Levels in Reclamation Area of Tidal Flats

Zhang Jiao, Wang Bo, Zhai Caijiao, Huang Zhaoping, Cui Shiyou()   

  1. Jiangsu Yanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Nantong Jiangsu 226541
  • Received:2018-09-28 Revised:2019-02-21 Online:2020-01-15 Published:2020-04-30
  • Contact: Cui Shiyou

摘要:

为探明滩涂围垦区气候因子对不同盐分水平下土壤盐分的变化规律,于2014年5月—2015年5月在江苏如东滩涂开展试验,设低、中、高3个盐分水平,监测了土壤盐分和气候因子的动态变化。结果表明:(1)在中-高盐水平下,表层盐分均表现为在9—12月有明显积盐作用,且在10月达到最大值分别为26.66 g/kg和14.13 g/kg;在低盐下,表层和亚表层盐分均无明显的季节性变化规律,而分别在0.50~2.00 g/kg和1.20~2.90 g/kg之间波动;(2)在中-高盐水平下,表层盐分变化均与降雨量有显著的负相关,与蒸降比有极显著的正相关;在低盐下,土壤盐分与大气温度有明显的正相关。因此,若采取适当的人为措施如种植植被、覆盖等加剧降雨量对土壤盐分变化的影响,充分利用沿海降雨量比较集中的特点,可能是未来沿海滩涂降盐改土的重要措施。

关键词: 滩涂围垦, 盐分动态, 土壤盐渍化, 气候因子, 降雨量, 大气温度, 蒸发量

Abstract:

To explore the variation rules of soil salinity under different salinity levels in reclamation area of tidal flats, we set a field experiment [including 3 levels of salinity: low salinity (LS), medium salinity (MS), and heavy salinity (HS)] in tidal flats of Rudong, Jiangsu from May 2014 to May 2015 to determine the dynamic changes of soil salinity and climate factors. The results showed that: (1) the surface salinity showed significant salt accumulation from September to December at MS and HS level with the maximum value in October as 26.66 g/kg and 14.13 g/kg, respectively; however, there was no significant seasonal change of surface and subsurface salinity at LS level with the fluctuation from 0.50 to 2.00 g/kg and 1.20 to 2.90 g/kg, respectively; (2) at MS, HS levels, the change of surface salinity was negatively correlated with precipitation, and had a significantly positive correlation with the vapor-drop ratio; meanwhile, there was a significantly positive correlation between soil salinity and atmospheric temperature at LS level. Therefore, some artificial measures such as planting vegetation and straw mulching to intensify the effects of precipitation on soil salinity change can be adopted to take full advantage of the characteristics of precipitation concentration in coastal areas, which maybe an important measure to reduce salinity in coastal beaches in the future.

Key words: reclamation of tidal flats, salinity dynamics, soil salinization, climatic factors, precipitation, atmospheric temperature, atmospheric evaporation

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