施用钙肥对盐碱地花生开花期后土壤水分、盐分和速效养分运移的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010036

中国农学通报 ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (24): 73-81.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010036

所属专题：油料作物

• 资源环境生态土壤气象 • 上一篇下一篇

施用钙肥对盐碱地花生开花期后土壤水分、盐分和速效养分运移的影响

许婷婷＃¹, 石程仁＃¹, 戴良香¹, 张冠初、^1,2, 慈敦伟¹, 丁红¹, 张智猛¹

1.山东省花生研究所;2.沈阳农业大学

收稿日期:2019-01-07 修回日期:2019-08-03 接受日期:2019-03-28 出版日期:2019-08-26 发布日期:2019-08-26
通讯作者: 戴良香
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划“大豆及花生化肥农药减施技术集成与示范”(2018YFD0201007)；山东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队岗位专家（花生）(SDAIT-04-06)；山东省重点研发计划“盐碱地花生新品种选育和高产增效关键技术研究与示范”(2016ZDJS10A02)；山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程“花生优质高效栽培关键技术”(CXGC2019B0X)。

Effect of Calcium Application on Soil Moisture, Salt and Available Nutrientutrition of Peanut in Saline-Alkali Land after Flowering

Received:2019-01-07 Revised:2019-08-03 Accepted:2019-03-28 Online:2019-08-26 Published:2019-08-26

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探索黄河三角洲盐碱土区花生高产高效栽培技术、提高出苗和建苗率,田间条件下,设置Ca-0 (CK、 0 kg/hm_² CaO)、Ca-1(180 kg/hm_² CaO)和Ca-2(360 kg/hm_² CaO)试验,研究盐碱土花生开花期后0-100 cm剖面土壤水分、盐分和速效氮磷养分含量随花生生育进程的动态变化。研究结果表明,施用钙肥可明显降低0-60 cm土层含盐量, 80 cm以下土层含盐量明显增加,对0-40 cm土层含水量影响不大,但明显提高开花后60-80 cm土层土壤含水量,且较高钙肥用量可降低60-100 cm土层含水量。施用钙肥可明显提高开花期后0-60 cm土层水解性氮和速效磷含量,明显降低土壤水解性氮的淋溶强度,尤以Ca-2处理表现明显。黄河三角洲盐碱土区,土壤水解性氮含量匮乏,速效磷含量虽然较充足,但由于盐碱胁迫、团粒结构缺乏、土壤板结严重等因素制约,不利于花生根系对养分的吸收,使土壤磷效率难以发挥,基施钙肥可有效提高0-60 cm土层水解性氮和速效磷含量,降低水解性氮的淋溶强度,使其土壤肥力有效发挥。

关键词: 自然降水, 自然降水, 玉米单产, 线性回归方程, 太行山

Abstract: To explore the high yield and high efficiency cultivation techniques of peanut to improve seedling emergenceonsaline-alkalilandin the Yellow Riverdelta, we set 4 treatments, CaO0kg/hm2 (CK,Ca-0),180kg/hm2 (Ca-1) and 360 kg/hm2 (Ca-2), and conducted an experiment in field condition to study the change of soil moisture, salt content and available nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients with the process of peanut growth in 0-100 cm profile after flowering stage. The results showed that using calcium fertilizer could significantly reduce the salt content of the soil layer from 0 to 60 cm and increase salt content of the soil layer below 80 cm, and there was little impact on the water content of the 0-40 cm soil layer. However, the soil moisture content of soil layer from 60 to 80 cm after flowering stage was significantly improved and the high calcium fertilizer reduced the water content of the soil layer from 60 to 100 cm. Application of calcium fertilizer significantly improved the content of hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus of the soil layer from 0 to 60 cm after flowering period and decreased the leaching intensity of the soil hydrolyzed nitrogen. The effect of treatment Ca-2 was the most obvious. In the Yellow River delta saline soil area, the soil hydrolyzed nitrogen content was deficient and the available phosphorus content was abundant, but the salt and alkali stress, soil particle dispersion and the lack of granular structure seriously inhibited the absorption of nutrients by peanut root system, and the efficiency of soil phosphorus could not be fully achieved. In conclusion, the basal application of calcium fertilizer could effectively improve the content of hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus of 0-60 cm soil layer, reduce the leaching intensity of hydrolyzed nitrogen, and give full play to the soil fertility.

中图分类号:

S565.2

许婷婷＃,石程仁＃,戴良香,张冠初、,慈敦伟,丁红,张智猛. 施用钙肥对盐碱地花生开花期后土壤水分、盐分和速效养分运移的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2019, 35(24): 73-81.

石程仁＃,,,, and . Effect of Calcium Application on Soil Moisture, Salt and Available Nutrientutrition of Peanut in Saline-Alkali Land after Flowering[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2019, 35(24): 73-81.

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施用钙肥对盐碱地花生开花期后土壤水分、盐分和速效养分运移的影响

Effect of Calcium Application on Soil Moisture, Salt and Available Nutrientutrition of Peanut in Saline-Alkali Land after Flowering

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