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中国农学通报 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (31): 65-70.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191100833

所属专题: 土壤重金属污染

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

新疆地区不同农田管理模式的残膜污染现状

刘晓伟1(), 殷涛2, 李元桥3, 吕军1, 何文清3,4()   

  1. 1石河子农业科学研究院,新疆石河子 832000
    2青岛农业大学资源与环境学院,山东青岛 266109
    3中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京 100081
    4农业部旱作农业重点实验室,北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2019-11-15 修回日期:2020-05-09 出版日期:2020-11-05 发布日期:2020-11-20
  • 通讯作者: 何文清
  • 作者简介:刘晓伟,男,1988年出生,新疆石河子人,助理研究员,本科,研究方向:面源污染与农业资源利用。通信地址:832000 新疆石河子市北泉镇农科中心小区 石河子农业科学研究院,Tel:0993-7579262,E-mail:125456539@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目“典型区域残膜污染综合治理技术体系构建与集成示范”(201503105)

Pollution of Plastic Film Residue in Xinjiang Under Different Agricultural Practice Systems

Liu Xiaowei1(), Yin Tao2, Li Yuanqiao3, Lv Jun1, He Wenqing3,4()   

  1. 1Shihezi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shihezi Xinjiang 832000
    2College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao Shandong 266109
    3Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, CAAS, Beijing 100081
    4Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081
  • Received:2019-11-15 Revised:2020-05-09 Online:2020-11-05 Published:2020-11-20
  • Contact: He Wenqing

摘要:

为更科学地应用地膜技术减少残膜污染,研究不同农田管理模式对农田残膜污染的影响。本研究通过农田残膜人工采样和问卷调查相结合的方法,对新疆兵团和地方2种不同农田管理模式下农田地膜残留量、地膜回收现状和残膜处理方式进行研究。结果表明:在地膜残留量方面,北疆兵团和地方的农田地膜残留量没有显著差异;南疆地方的农田地膜残留量显著高于兵团,高38.93 kg/hm2(P<0.05);东疆兵团的农田地膜残留量显著高于地方,高162.60 kg/hm2(P<0.05)。在地膜回收方式方面,兵团和地方都是主要采用了地表全部清理干净后在翻耕时再捡拾一遍和只进行地表清理的方式。在残膜处理方式方面,兵团主要采用收集后填埋和焚烧的方式,而不同地方残膜收集后填埋、焚烧、放置在路边和卖掉的方式都有使用。不同的农田管理措施导致农田地膜残留量出现差异,本研究为新疆农田残膜防治工作的进一步具体化和高效化提供了理论依据。

关键词: 地膜覆盖, 地膜残留量, 地膜回收, 残膜处理, 农田管理模式, 残膜污染

Abstract:

To reduce residual plastic film (PF) pollution, the effects of different agricultural practice systems on residual PF pollution were studied. Through the combination of artificial sampling and questionnaire survey, the residual amount of PF, the current situation of PF recovery and the treatment of residual PF in different farmlands of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (PCC) and local areas were studied. The results showed that in northern Xinjiang, there was no significant difference in the residual amount of PF between PCC and local farmland. In southern Xinjiang, the residual amount of PF in local farmland was significantly higher than that in PCC farmland, which was 38.93 kg/hm2(P<0.05) higher. In eastern Xinjiang, the residual amount of PF in PCC farmland was significantly higher than that in local farmland, which was 162.60 kg/hm2(P<0.05) higher. In PF recovery, the PCC and the local areas mainly adopted the way of picking up again when ploughing and only cleaning the soil surface. In the treatment of residual PF, PCC mainly used landfill or incineration after collection, while local farmers used landfill, incineration, placing on the road and sell after collection. Different agricultural practice systems could lead to different amounts of residual PF in farmland.

Key words: plastic film mulching, plastic film residue, plastic film recovery, residual film treatment, agricultural practice systems, residual plastic film pollution

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