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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (16): 13-21.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19040046

所属专题： 烟草种植与生产

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同覆盖方式对土壤温湿度及烟草生长发育的影响

郑梅迎1, 张继光1, 程森2, 朱启法3, 薛琳3, 黄仲江4, 董玉兵1, 王生才5, 肖艳松5, 蔡宪杰2,*   

  1. 1.中国农业科学院烟草研究所,山东青岛 266101
    2.上海烟草集团有限责任公司,上海 200082
    3.安徽皖南烟叶有限责任公司,安徽宣城 242000
    4.陕西中烟工业有限责任公司,西安 710065
    5. 湖南省烟草公司郴州市公司,湖南郴州 423000
  • 收稿日期:2019-04-11 修回日期:2019-09-09 出版日期:2020-06-05 发布日期:2020-05-20
  • 通讯作者: 蔡宪杰
  • 基金资助:
    中国农业科学院科技创新工程“烟草质量安全风险评估”(ASTIP-TRIC06);上海烟草集团重点科技项目“提升烟叶质量均质化的关键生产技术研究与推广”(20183100001);陕西省烟草公司安康市公司重点科技项目“以碳氮营养平衡为核心的烟叶质量提升技术研究”(2019000);湖南省烟草公司郴州市公司重点科技项目“郴州烟区生态环境长期定位监测”(201901)

Effect of Different Mulching Types on Soil Temperature and Moisture and Tobacco Growth

Zheng Meiying1, Zhang Jiguang1, Cheng Sen2, Zhu Qifa3, Xue Lin3, Huang Zhongjiang4, Dong Yubing1, Wang Shengcai5, Xiao Yansong5, Cai Xianjie2,*   

  1. 1.Tobacco Research Institute of CAAS, Qingdao Shandong 266101
    2.Shanghai Tobacco Group Limited Liability Company, Shanghai 200082
    3.Anhui Wannan Tobacco Leaf Co., Ltd., Xuancheng Anhui 242000
    4.China Tobacco Shaanxi Industrial Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710065;
    5.Chenzhou Branch of Hunan Tobacco Corporation, Chenzhou Hunan 423000
  • Received:2019-04-11 Revised:2019-09-09 Online:2020-06-05 Published:2020-05-20
  • Contact: Cai Xianjie

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摘要：

为明确不同覆盖方式的烟田生态效应,采用田间试验研究无覆盖、地膜覆盖、立体覆盖和稻草覆盖4种覆盖方式对垄体土壤温湿度及烟草生长发育的影响。结果表明,不同覆盖方式下各土层土壤温度具有相似的变化趋势,均随着土层深度的增加呈下降趋势,且同一覆盖方式不同土层温度变化具有一致性。地膜覆盖对土壤温度的提升效果最好,能促进烟苗早发快长,但团棵期膜内地表温度过高可能影响根系生长;稻草覆盖对生育期内土壤的保温效果较好;立体覆盖处理在烤烟生育内的土壤温度最低。地膜覆盖不利于根系土壤接纳降雨,土壤含水量最低;稻草覆盖对蓄积土壤水分的效果最优;立体覆盖次之。从团棵期烤烟生物量及农艺性状看,地膜覆盖在烤烟团棵期可明显提高烤烟的长势,稻草覆盖次之但烟叶根冠比最高,立体覆盖再次,无覆盖处理的烟叶长势最差。试验表明立体覆盖对烟田土壤温湿度及团棵期烤烟的生长发育的影响效果比地膜覆盖低,后续应对烤烟整个生长发育时期、产质量特征及其覆盖的成本效益和环境影响等进行进一步研究。

关键词: 烤烟, 地膜覆盖, 稻草覆盖, 立体覆盖, 土壤温度, 土壤含水量

Abstract:

The effect of different mulching types on soil environment and growth of flue-cured tobacco was studied by field experiment. The no coverage, ordinary film mulching, three-dimensional film covering and straw mulching were carried out to clarify their ecological effect in tobacco field. The results showed that the soil temperature of different soil layers under different mulching types had similar trend, and the soil temperature decreased with the increase of soil depth, and the temperature changes of different soil layers under the same mulch type were consistent. The heat insulation effect of ordinary film mulching on soil temperature was the best, which could promote tobacco seedlings to grow quickly and early, but the high surface temperature at the rosette stage under mulching might affect the root growth. The effect of straw mulching on soil temperature during the growth period was relatively good, and the soil temperature of three-dimensional covering was the lowest of all during the early growth of flue-cured tobacco. Ordinary film mulching was not conducive to absorption the atmospheric rainfall into ridge soil, its soil water content was the lowest, meanwhile, it could avoid the soil nutrient leaching. Straw mulching had the best effect on soil moisture storage, followed by three-dimensional film covering. The ordinary film mulching was the most conducive to the growth of flue-cured tobacco at the rosette stage, followed by the straw mulching, and then the three-dimensional covering. The worst tobacco growth was found in the non-mulching treatment. And the straw mulching treatment had the highest root shoot ratio among all treatments. The results indicate that the effect of three-dimensional mulching on soil temperature and humidity and the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco at rosette stage is lower than that of ordinary film mulching. Further research should be carried out on the whole growth and development period of flue-cured tobacco, the characteristics of yield and quality, and the cost-benefit and environmental impact of mulching.

Key words: tobacco, ordinary film mulching, straw mulching, three-dimensional film covering, soil temperature, soil moisture content

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