5-氮杂胞苷调节植物基因表达研究进展与应用展望

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0534

中国农学通报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (13): 30-35.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0534

所属专题：生物技术

5-氮杂胞苷调节植物基因表达研究进展与应用展望

方学良(), 付铭, 陈正, 白云秀, 何莹, 曾汉来()

农业农村部长江中下游作物生理生态与栽培重点实验室/华中农业大学植物科学与技术学院,武汉 430070

收稿日期:2021-05-19 修回日期:2021-07-26 出版日期:2022-05-05 发布日期:2022-06-08
通讯作者: 曾汉来
作者简介:方学良,男,1995年出生,硕士研究生,研究方向为水稻育性生理。通信地址：430070 湖北省武汉市洪山区狮子山街1号华中农业大学植物科学技术学院,E-mail： fxl1995@webmail.hzau.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家重点研究计划“长江中下游稻油区资源优化配置机理与高效种植模式研究”(2016YFD0300207);湖北农业科技创新中心“湖北省粮油棉作物高效轻简化技术研究与应用”(2019-620-000-001-32)

5-Azacytidine Regulating Plant Gene Expression: Research Progress and Application Prospect

FANG Xueliang(), FU Ming, CHEN Zheng, BAI Yunxiu, HE Ying, ZENG Hanlai()

MARA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River/ College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070

Received:2021-05-19 Revised:2021-07-26 Online:2022-05-05 Published:2022-06-08
Contact: ZENG Hanlai

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

5-氮杂胞苷是一种DNA甲基化抑制剂,可以通过降低DNA的甲基化水平来调节基因的表达,从而对生物的生长发育进行表观遗传调控,其在动物与医学领域已有广泛的研究与应用,近年来在植物基因表达调节方面的研究与应用报道也逐渐增多。本研究对植物DNA甲基化的类型、引发、影响因素和抑制剂的作用进行了概述,重点对5-氮杂胞苷对植物基因表达水平的调节和作用效果进行了阐述。并对其在水稻、小麦、棉花等重要作物生长发育、逆境适应、育性调节及次生代谢的影响与作用进行归纳,可为植物基因表达表观调节研究与应用提出新的关注点。

关键词: 5-氮杂胞苷, DNA甲基化, 表观调控, 植物基因表达调控, 植物生长发育调节

Abstract:

5-Azacytidine is a DNA methylation inhibitor, which can regulate gene expression by reducing the methylation level of DNA, thus providing epigenetic regulation for biological growth and development. It has been widely studied as well as applied in animal and medical field and its research and application in plant gene expression regulation have been reported increasingly in recent years. This review provided an overview of the types of plant DNA methylation, the causing factors, the influencing factors and the role of inhibitors, focusing on the regulation and effects of 5-Azacytidine on plant gene expression levels. The effects of 5-Azacytidine on growth and development, stress adaptation, fertility regulation and secondary metabolism in rice, wheat, cotton and other important crops were summarized, and a new insight for the study and application of epigenetic regulation of plant gene expression was also presented.

Key words: 5-Azacytidine, DNA methylation, epigenetic regulation, regulation of plant gene expression, regulation of plant growth and development

中图分类号:

S312

方学良, 付铭, 陈正, 白云秀, 何莹, 曾汉来. 5-氮杂胞苷调节植物基因表达研究进展与应用展望[J]. 中国农学通报, 2022, 38(13): 30-35.

FANG Xueliang, FU Ming, CHEN Zheng, BAI Yunxiu, HE Ying, ZENG Hanlai. 5-Azacytidine Regulating Plant Gene Expression: Research Progress and Application Prospect[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2022, 38(13): 30-35.

图/表 1

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功能	5-Aza处理效应实例	参考文献
调控生长发育	浸泡处理油菜种子与幼苗,油菜茎尖甲基化水平下降并促进了分化;喷施处理萝卜,使其提前进入花期,提前开花;喷施处理菊花,促进花期提前、改变花冠大小;喷施处理花椰菜,促进加快现蕾和开花;喷施处理牡丹,解除休眠和促进发芽;处理甘蓝幼苗和水稻种子,有植株矮化和叶片变小的效果	[42⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓-48]
调控逆境胁迫	低浓度浸泡小麦种子和白菜种子,提高了小麦盐害耐受力,增强白菜耐热性;处理大麦种子,增强大麦苗期湿害抗性;处理洋麻,增强耐盐性;处理苜蓿,减少种子长度、鲜重和干重,降低对盐害的耐受性	[49⇓⇓⇓-53]
调控植物育性	处理棉花植株,促进花药发育,提高花粉育性;小麦花药离体培养中用5-Aza处理,可以使愈伤组织产生率提升38%,单倍体植株的再生速率提高50%;处理小麦生理型雄性不育系,不育系育性得到部分恢复	[54⇓-56]
调控植物体光合作用	处理黄瓜幼苗,可明显减缓低温对细胞膜的伤害,抑制磷脂过氧化,促进光合作用;处理菊花根系,促进对NO₃^-的吸收及运输效率,提高叶片叶绿素含量,净光合速率上升	[57-58]
调节品质性状	处理石斛组培苗,增加多糖和生物碱含量,编码生物碱相关酶的基因表达量均显著上调,提升品质和药用价值;处理小麦幼苗,使小麦籽粒中的谷蛋白含量增加到30%,可增加面团弹性和口感;处理桃子,可以诱导桃子果肉中花色素苷的积累,增加视觉感和食用价值	[59⇓-61]
其他调节作用	处理小麦萌发的种子,低浓度促进根系发生,高浓度抑制根系发生;处理油菜花芽,中高浓度会产生毒害作用,阻碍花芽正常分化;处理转基因的烟草组织或者细胞,显著增加转基因的表达量;处理转基因大豆,促进大豆芽再生;处理水稻,增强对白叶枯抗病性	[6,62⇓-64]

功能	5-Aza处理效应实例	参考文献
调控生长发育	浸泡处理油菜种子与幼苗,油菜茎尖甲基化水平下降并促进了分化;喷施处理萝卜,使其提前进入花期,提前开花;喷施处理菊花,促进花期提前、改变花冠大小;喷施处理花椰菜,促进加快现蕾和开花;喷施处理牡丹,解除休眠和促进发芽;处理甘蓝幼苗和水稻种子,有植株矮化和叶片变小的效果	[42⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓-48]
调控逆境胁迫	低浓度浸泡小麦种子和白菜种子,提高了小麦盐害耐受力,增强白菜耐热性;处理大麦种子,增强大麦苗期湿害抗性;处理洋麻,增强耐盐性;处理苜蓿,减少种子长度、鲜重和干重,降低对盐害的耐受性	[49⇓⇓⇓-53]
调控植物育性	处理棉花植株,促进花药发育,提高花粉育性;小麦花药离体培养中用5-Aza处理,可以使愈伤组织产生率提升38%,单倍体植株的再生速率提高50%;处理小麦生理型雄性不育系,不育系育性得到部分恢复	[54⇓-56]
调控植物体光合作用	处理黄瓜幼苗,可明显减缓低温对细胞膜的伤害,抑制磷脂过氧化,促进光合作用;处理菊花根系,促进对NO₃^-的吸收及运输效率,提高叶片叶绿素含量,净光合速率上升	[57-58]
调节品质性状	处理石斛组培苗,增加多糖和生物碱含量,编码生物碱相关酶的基因表达量均显著上调,提升品质和药用价值;处理小麦幼苗,使小麦籽粒中的谷蛋白含量增加到30%,可增加面团弹性和口感;处理桃子,可以诱导桃子果肉中花色素苷的积累,增加视觉感和食用价值	[59⇓-61]
其他调节作用	处理小麦萌发的种子,低浓度促进根系发生,高浓度抑制根系发生;处理油菜花芽,中高浓度会产生毒害作用,阻碍花芽正常分化;处理转基因的烟草组织或者细胞,显著增加转基因的表达量;处理转基因大豆,促进大豆芽再生;处理水稻,增强对白叶枯抗病性	[6,62⇓-64]

5-氮杂胞苷调节植物基因表达研究进展与应用展望

5-Azacytidine Regulating Plant Gene Expression: Research Progress and Application Prospect

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