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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (13): 20-29.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0945

所属专题： 生物技术； 园艺； 农业生态

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

低氮高效红甜菜形态特征分析

韩卓君(), 崔晶晶, 潘恒艳, 李有为, 那明辉, 宋柏权, 周建朝, 王秋红()   

  1. 黑龙江大学现代农业与生态环境学院,哈尔滨 150080
  • 收稿日期:2021-10-09 修回日期:2022-03-11 出版日期:2022-05-05 发布日期:2022-06-08
  • 通讯作者: 王秋红
  • 作者简介:韩卓君,女,1997年出生,河南安阳人,硕士研究生,研究方向为植物发育与营养调控研究。通信地址：150080 黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区学府路74号 黑龙江大学现代农业与生态环境学院,E-mail： 842319855@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系“甜菜养分管理与土壤肥料岗位”(CARS-170204);黑龙江省科学基金项目“甜菜氮效率基因差异的生理机制研究”(C2018053);黑龙江大学2021年校级大学生科研能力提升项目“甜菜红色的提取及甜菜口红的制作”(2021037)

Morphological Characteristics of Low-nitrogen and High-efficiency Red Beet

HAN Zhuojun(), CUI Jingjing, PAN Hengyan, LI Youwei, NA Minghui, SONG Baiquan, ZHOU Jianchao, WANG Qiuhong()   

  1. College of Modern Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080
  • Received:2021-10-09 Revised:2022-03-11 Online:2022-05-05 Published:2022-06-08
  • Contact: WANG Qiuhong

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摘要：

筛选低氮高效基因型红甜菜是提高氮素利用效率,减少氮污染的有效途径。采取液体培养方法,设置低氮(1.5 mmol/mL)、正常氮(5 mmol/mL)、高氮(10 mmol/mL)3种氮素水平处理,选用中国农业科学院甜菜研究所育种品系,通过生长指标统计、因子分析、聚类分析来确定评价指标,并筛选出耐低氮基因型。在低氮和高氮条件下,茎叶氮含量、茎叶氮素干物质生产效率、整株氮累积量、氮生理利用效率、整株氮素干物质生产效率差异性显著,变异系数分别为0.169~0.217和0.110~0.271。通过因子分析发现,在低氮和高氮条件下主成分培养情况基本相同,第一主成分是由根系氮含量、根系氮素干物质生产效率、整株氮素干物质生产效率、整株氮含量、氮生理利用效率决定,第一主成分所占的方差贡献率较大。综合红甜菜氮素吸收累积变异特征及因子分析,将茎叶氮含量、茎叶氮素干物质生产效率、整株氮累积量、氮生理利用效率、整株氮素干物质生产效率作为初步筛选红甜菜氮高效综合评价指标。再根据隶属函数法计算出的氮效率综合值和采用欧氏距离平方拟合的分层聚类分析,将整株氮素干物质生产效率作为筛选氮高效综合评价指标。最终筛选出对氮素高效吸收利用的材料（低氮高效型‘YeginaS2’、低氮低效高氮高效型‘CYCLHDAR’）,结合其株高、叶面积、叶柄长、根长等形态特征、干物质量及根冠比等实用特征,分析不同基因型红甜菜对土壤氮素吸收利用特点,进一步验证对增施氮肥反应敏感的低氮高效型、低氮低效高氮高效型品种。

关键词: 红甜菜, 氮效率, 形态特征, 根系

Abstract:

Screening low-nitrogen and high-efficiency genotypes of red beet is an effective way to improve nitrogen use efficiency and reduce nitrogen pollution. The liquid culture method was adopted, and three nitrogen levels of low nitrogen (1.5 mmol/mL), normal nitrogen (5 mmol/mL) and high nitrogen (10 mmol/mL) were set. The breeding strains of The Sugar Beet Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences were selected, the evaluation indexes were determined through growth index statistics, factor analysis and cluster analysis, and the low nitrogen tolerant genotypes were screened. Under the condition of low nitrogen and high nitrogen, there were significant differences of nitrogen content in stem and leaf, nitrogen dry matter production efficiency in stem and leaf, whole plant nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen physiological utilization efficiency and whole plant nitrogen dry matter production efficiency, and the coefficients of variation were 0.169-0.217 and 0.110-0.271, respectively. Through factor analysis, it was found that the cultivation of principal components was basically the same under the condition of low nitrogen and high nitrogen. The first principal component was determined by root nitrogen content, root nitrogen dry matter production efficiency, whole plant nitrogen dry matter production efficiency, whole plant nitrogen content and nitrogen physiological utilization efficiency. The variance contribution rate of the first principal component was large. Based on the variation characteristics and factor analysis of nitrogen absorption and accumulation in red beet, nitrogen content in stem and leaf, nitrogen dry matter production efficiency in stem and leaf, whole plant nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen physiological utilization efficiency and whole plant nitrogen dry matter production efficiency were taken as the comprehensive evaluation indexes of nitrogen efficiency in red beet. Then, according to the comprehensive value of nitrogen efficiency calculated by membership function method and hierarchical cluster analysis using Euclidean distance square fitting, the whole plant nitrogen dry matter production efficiency was taken as the comprehensive evaluation index for screening nitrogen efficiency. Finally, the materials with high nitrogen absorption and utilization (low-nitrogen high-efficiency type‘YeginaS2’, low-nitrogen low-efficiency and high-nitrogen high-efficiency type ‘CYCLHDAR’) were selected. Combined with their morphological characteristics such as plant height, leaf area, petiole length and root length, dry matter weight and root shoot ratio, the characteristics of soil nitrogen absorption and utilization of different genotypes of red beet were analyzed, the low-nitrogen high-efficiency type variety and low-nitrogen low-efficiency and high-nitrogen high-efficiency type variety, which were sensitive to nitrogen fertilizer increase, were further verified.

Key words: red beet, nitrogen efficiency, morphological characteristics, root system

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