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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (11): 36-42.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0320

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

秦岭华中五味子生境特征及光适应性分析

强毅1,2,3(), 杜心怡1,2,3, 崔浪军1,2,3, 郭华1,2,3()   

  1. 1 西北濒危药材资源开发国家工程实验室，西安 710119
    2 药用资源与天然药物化学教育部重点实验室，西安 710119
    3 陕西师范大学生命科学学院，西安 710119
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-26 修回日期:2022-07-08 出版日期:2023-04-15 发布日期:2023-04-10
  • 通讯作者: 郭华，男，1978年出生，陕西西安人，副教授，博士，研究方向：植物生态学研究。通信地址：710119 西安市长安区西长安街620号，Tel：029-85310266，E-mail：guohua@snnu.edu.cn。
  • 作者简介:

    强毅，男，1980年出生，陕西西安人，高级实验师，博士，研究方向：中药材规范化种植及相关产品开发。通信地址：710119 西安市长安区西长安街620号，Tel：029-853102666，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划“秦巴山区高品质中药材规模化生产示范研究”(2019YFC1712600); 科技部科技惠民计划“陕西贫困山区特色产业生态改善科技惠民示范工程”(2013GS610202); 陕西师范大学中央高校创新团队项目“特色秦药质量控制与溯源体系建设团队”(GK202001006); 基本科研业务费专项“子午岭森林群落谱系结构研究”(GK201603069); 陕西省重点研发计划科技扶贫专项“柞水县秦岭特色中药材种质资源保护利用研究与示范”(2018FP2-26)

Habitat Characteristics and Light Adaptability of Schisandra sphenanthera in Qinling Mountains

QIANG Yi1,2,3(), DU Xinyi1,2,3, CUI Langjun1,2,3, GUO Hua1,2,3()   

  1. 1 National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119
    2 The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119
    3 College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119
  • Received:2022-04-26 Revised:2022-07-08 Online:2023-04-15 Published:2023-04-10

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摘要：

为阐明秦岭华中五味子的天然生境特征及其对不同光照条件的响应规律，本研究应用群落数量分析方法对华中五味子天然群落进行了聚类和排序，测算了华中五味子的生态位宽度及其与主要灌木物种的生态位重叠程度，并测定了在不同光照条件下叶片的快速叶绿素荧光诱导曲线。结果表明，华中五味子在秦岭山区的生境可被聚为4类：北亚热带针叶林；暖温带针阔混交林；暖温带落叶阔叶混交林；常绿、落叶阔叶混交林。在4种生境的灌木层中，华中五味子重要值排位均在前20%，属于林下灌木的主要物种之一。对7种环境因子进行过前向选择和Mente Carlo检验，最终筛选出郁闭度和坡位2种生态因子，总共提取了79%的环境信息量。在各种生境中，华中五味子生态位宽度较宽，与林下其它灌木的生态位重叠度较大，表明其与林下灌木物种间存在较强的种间竞争。在无遮荫的全光照条件下，植株比叶面积(SLA)降低，PSⅡ最大光化学量子产量下降，叶绿素荧光快速动力学曲线(OJIP)中出现明显K点，均表明强光照使叶片的光合效率受到抑制，并可能影响到植株的能量分配模式。华中五味子4种自然生境均为林下环境，过强的光照会导致其光合效率下降，建议在人工生态栽培时应尽量模拟其自然生境，提供适当遮荫。

关键词: 华中五味子, 秦岭, 生境, 生态位, 光适应性

Abstract:

In order to clarify the natural habitat characteristics of Schisandra sphenanthera in Qinling Mountains and its response to different light conditions, the methodology of community quantitative analysis was applied to categorize and rank the natural clusters of S. sphenanthera. At the same time, the ecological niche width of S. sphenanthera and the degree of niche overlap with the main shrub species were measured. Furthermore, the rapid chlorophyll fluorescence induction curves of leaves under different light conditions were measured as well. The results show that the habitats of S. sphenanthera in the Qinling Mountains could be divided into four categories: northern subtropical coniferous forest; warm temperate coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest; warm temperate deciduous and broad-leaved mixed forest, and evergreen, deciduous and broad-leaved mixed forest. Among the shrub layers of the four habitats, S. sphenanthera is ranked the top 20% in the importance value, and is one of the main species of understory shrubs. The forward selection and Mente Carlo test were performed on seven environmental factors, and finally, two ecological factors, canopy closure and slope position, were screened out, and a total of 79% of the environmental information was extracted. Among the various habitats, S. sphenanthera has a wider niche width and a larger niche overlap with other understory shrubs, indicating that it has strong interspecific competition with understory shrub species. Under full-light condition without shading, the specific leaf area (SLA) and the maximum photochemical quantum yield of PSII both decrease, and there is an obvious K point in the chlorophyll fluorescence fast kinetic curve (OJIP). It indicates that the strong light inhibits the photosynthetic efficiency of leaves and may affect the energy distribution pattern of the plant. All four types of natural habitats of S. sphenanthera are shaded under the canopy, and excessive light can lead to a decrease in its photosynthetic efficiency. It is suggested that the natural habitat should be simulated as much as possible in artificial ecological cultivation, and appropriate shade should be provided.

Key words: Schisandra sphenanthera, Qinling Mountains, habitats, ecological niche, light adaptability