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中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (36): 112-118.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0778

• 植物保护·农药 • 上一篇    下一篇

外来入侵植物野燕麦和节节麦对西安市小麦生产的危害研究

宋兴江1,2,3(), 王涛4, 李方向4, 常小箭4, 李欣迪1,2,3, 史岩1,2,3, 王佳1,2,3, 刘刚1,2,3()   

  1. 1 陕西师范大学生命科学学院,西安 710119
    2 陕西师范大学无人机生态遥感研究中心,西安 710119
    3 陕西师范大学生态学教学科研基地,西安 710119
    4 陕西省西安市农业技术推广中心,西安 710061
  • 收稿日期:2022-11-23 修回日期:2023-01-15 出版日期:2023-12-25 发布日期:2023-12-20
  • 通讯作者:
    刘刚,男,1984年出生,湖北襄阳人,副教授,博士,研究方向:外来生物入侵机制、扩散动态预测和入侵物种防控与受损生态系统恢复等。通信地址:710119 陕西省西安市长安区西长安街620号 陕西师范大学,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    宋兴江,男,1997年出生,陕西汉中人,硕士研究生,研究方向:外来生物入侵。通信地址:710119 陕西省西安市长安区西长安街620号 陕西师范大学,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目“入侵种粗毛牛膝菊向高海拔山地扩散的植物-AMF互作效应机制研究”(32271584); 陕西省哲学社会科学研究专项“陕西省外来物种入侵风险评估与防控策略研究”(2022HZ1795); 陕西省自然科学基础研究计划资助项目“外来植物粗毛牛膝菊入侵高海拔山地的AMF互作限制机制研究(2020JM-286); 陕西省科协决策咨询课题“陕西省外来入侵物种研究与生物安全体系建设”; 西安市科协决策咨询课题“秦岭外来入侵植物防控与受损生态系统恢复(202113)

The Damage of Invasive Alien Plants Avena fatua and Aegilops tauschii on Wheat Production in Xi'an

SONG Xingjiang1,2,3(), WANG Tao4, LI Fangxiang4, CHANG Xiaojian4, LI Xindi1,2,3, SHI Yan1,2,3, WANG Jia1,2,3, LIU Gang1,2,3()   

  1. 1 College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119
    2 Research Center for UAV Remote Sensing, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119
    3 Changqing Teaching & Research Base of Ecology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119
    4 Xi′an Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Xi'an 710061
  • Received:2022-11-23 Revised:2023-01-15 Published-:2023-12-25 Online:2023-12-20

摘要:

为了评估恶性外来入侵杂草野燕麦和节节麦对中国小麦生产的危害,以提高对生物入侵问题的认识和关注。本研究以西安市麦田为研究对象,通过在2016—2018年间,连续三年的田间调查,详细分析野燕麦和节节麦对小麦生产的影响。研究发现,野燕麦导致小麦平均减产16.35%,最高达35.03%,每公顷经济损失可达5000元,西安市小麦总产量减少2.04×108 kg,年均经济损失3.92×108元,三年累计达1.18×109元。节节麦使小麦平均减产7.14%,最高达21.35%,每公顷经济损失可达3000元,西安市小麦总产量损失1.24×108 kg,年均经济损失1.38×108元,三年累计损失4.15×108元。野燕麦和节节麦的入侵已严重威胁西安市小麦生产。为保障生物安全,应遵循《外来入侵物种管理办法》,实施风险预防、源头管控、综合治理、协同配合、公众参与原则,建立防控体系。

关键词: 外来入侵植物, 关中平原, 危害, 农田生态系统, 野燕麦, 节节麦

Abstract:

In order to evaluate the harm caused by the invasive weeds Avena fatua and Aegilops tauschii to wheat production in China, and to improve awareness and attention to the issue of biological invasion, this study took wheat fields in Xi'an as research objects, and thoroughly analyzed the impact of A. fatua and A. tauschii on wheat production through three consecutive years of field surveys from 2016 to 2018. It was found that A. fatua caused an average yield reduction of 16.35% in wheat, with a maximum reduction of 35.03%. The economic loss per hectare could reach 5,000 yuan, and the total wheat production in Xi'an decreased by 2.04×108 kg, resulting in an annual economic loss of 3.92×108 yuan and a cumulative loss of 1.18×109 yuan over three years. A. tauschii caused an average yield reduction of 7.14% in wheat, with a maximum reduction of 21.35%. The economic loss per hectare could reach 3,000 yuan, and the total wheat production in Xi'an decreased by 1.24×108 kg, resulting in an annual economic loss of 1.38×108 yuan and a cumulative loss of 4.15×108 yuan over three years. The invasions of A. fatua and A. tauschii have seriously threatened wheat production in Xi'an. To ensure biosecurity, it is necessary to follow the "Management Measures for Invasive Alien Species" and implement the risk prevention, source control, comprehensive management, coordinated cooperation, and public participation principles to establish a prevention and control system.

Key words: Invasive alien plants, Guanzhong Plain, hazards, cropland ecosystems, Avena fatua L., Aegilops tauschii Coss.