镁肥施用方式对蜜柚营养状况、产量和品质的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0924

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (31): 67-75.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0924

镁肥施用方式对蜜柚营养状况、产量和品质的影响

陈佳节¹(), 张炎¹^,², 上官伊林², 魏思凡², 张鹏², 邱爱华¹, 苏达¹^,², 沈炳荣³, 徐进贤⁴, 叶德练¹^,²()

¹ 福建农林大学农学院/作物遗传育种与综合利用教育部重点实验室，福州 350002
² 福建农林大学资源与环境学院/国际镁营养研究所，福州 350002
³ 诏安县农业农村局农业技术推广站，福建诏安 363500
⁴ 诏安县农业农村局经济作物管理站，福建诏安 363500

收稿日期:2022-11-14 修回日期:2023-03-06 出版日期:2023-11-05 发布日期:2023-10-31
通讯作者: 叶德练，男，1988年出生，福建莆田人，讲师，博士，研究方向为作物抗逆高效栽培。通信地址：350007 福建省福州市仓山区上下店路15号福建农林大学，E-mail：yedelian2010@163.com。
作者简介:
陈佳节，男，1998年出生，福建南平人，硕士研究生，研究方向为作物栽培调控。通信地址：350007 福建省福州市仓山区上下店路15号福建农林大学，E-mail：1062300589@qq.com。
基金资助:
福建省自然科学基金项目“甜玉米耐密高产的基因型差异及其生理机制研究”(2020J01534); 国际镁营养研究所基金“叶面营养调控机理与技术”(IMI2018-12); 诏安县农业农村局委托项目“2021年诏安县青梅绿色提质增效栽培技术试验”([350624]XYX[CS]2021012-1)

Effects of Application Methods of Magnesium Fertilizer on Nutritional Status, Yield and Quality of Honey Pomelo

CHEN Jiajie¹(), ZHANG Yan¹^,², SHANGGUAN Yilin², WEI Sifan², ZHANG Peng², QIU Aihua¹, SU Da¹^,², SHEN Bingrong³, XU Jinxian⁴, YE Delian¹^,²()

¹ Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002
² College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/International Magnesium Institute, Fuzhou 350002
³ Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Zhao’an County Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Zhao’an, Fujian 363500
⁴ Cash Crop Management Station, Zhao’an County Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Zhao’an, Fujian 363500

Received:2022-11-14 Revised:2023-03-06 Published-:2023-11-05 Online:2023-10-31

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

明确不同镁肥施用方式在蜜柚上的作用效果，为蜜柚科学施用镁肥提供科学依据。以‘三红蜜柚’为试材，研究不施镁肥（对照）、土施镁肥和叶面施镁对蜜柚营养状况、产量和品质的影响。结果表明，与对照处理相比，叶面施镁和土施镁肥处理均能显著提高2019年和2020年蜜柚成熟期1年生春梢叶和2年生春梢叶的SPAD值、镁浓度和氮浓度，但是对1年生春梢叶和2年生春梢叶的磷、钙和锌浓度没有显著影响。不同镁肥施用方式可以明显提高蜜柚果肉的镁和氮浓度。土施镁肥和叶面施镁均显著提高蜜柚叶片的光合速率，其中叶面施镁还能显著提高叶片的气孔导度和蒸腾速率。叶面施镁和土施镁肥处理下蜜柚2年的平均产量较对照分别提高了13.8%和4.1%，其中叶面施肥处理的产量显著高于对照处理。此外，叶面施镁显著提高了2019年和2020年蜜柚果实的可溶性固形物浓度、维生素C浓度和固酸比，土施镁肥则显著降低2019年和2020年果实的可滴定酸浓度并提高固酸比。不同镁肥施用方式均可以改善蜜柚叶片和果实的营养状况，提高蜜柚光合作用、产量和品质；叶面施镁与土施镁肥效果相当，叶面喷施4% MgSO₄·7H₂O是蜜柚重要的补镁措施。

关键词: 镁, 叶面施镁, 土施镁肥, 蜜柚, 硫酸镁

Abstract:

The experiment aims to investigate the effects of magnesium fertilizer application strategies on the nutritional status, yield and quality of pomelo, and the results may provide a theoretical basis for scientific application of magnesium fertilizer in pomelo production. Three magnesium fertilizer treatments were designed, including control (no magnesium fertilizer), soil application of magnesium fertilizer and foliar application of magnesium fertilizer. Results showed that both soil and foliar application of magnesium fertilizer significantly increased the SPAD value, magnesium concentration and nitrogen concentration of the annual spring shoot leaves and biennial spring shoot leaves of pomelo at maturity stage in 2019 and 2020. However, magnesium fertilizer application did not affect the phosphorus, calcium and zinc concentrations of pomelo leaf. Different application methods of magnesium fertilizer generally increased magnesium concentration and nitrogen concentration of honey pomelo pulp. Both soil and foliar application of magnesium fertilizer significantly increased the photosynthetic rate of honey pomelo leaves and foliar application of magnesium also significantly increased the stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of leaves. Compared with the control, the average pomelo yield in two years was increased by 13.8% and 4.1% under foliar application of magnesium and soil application of magnesium fertilizer, respectively. Moreover, foliar application of magnesium significantly increased the Vc concentration, soluble solid concentration and solid-acid ratio of honey pomelo fruit, and soil application of magnesium fertilizer significantly reduced the titratable acid concentration and increased the solid-acid ratio of the fruit for two years. Both Magnesium application methods improved nutritional status of pomelo leaves and fruits, photosynthesis, yield and quality of pomelo. Foliar spraying 4% magnesium sulfate heptahydrate can be recommended as an important practice of magnesium supplementation in the honey pomelo production.

Key words: magnesium, foliar application of magnesium fertilizer, soil application of magnesium fertilizer, honey pomelo, magnesium sulfate

陈佳节, 张炎, 上官伊林, 魏思凡, 张鹏, 邱爱华, 苏达, 沈炳荣, 徐进贤, 叶德练. 镁肥施用方式对蜜柚营养状况、产量和品质的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2023, 39(31): 67-75.

CHEN Jiajie, ZHANG Yan, SHANGGUAN Yilin, WEI Sifan, ZHANG Peng, QIU Aihua, SU Da, SHEN Bingrong, XU Jinxian, YE Delian. Effects of Application Methods of Magnesium Fertilizer on Nutritional Status, Yield and Quality of Honey Pomelo[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(31): 67-75.

图/表 12

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土层/cm	pH	有机质/(g/kg)	速效磷/(mg/kg)	速效钾/(mg/kg)	交换性钙/(mg/kg)	交换性镁/(mg/kg)
0~20	4.71±0.63	17.2±3.20	375±28	67.9±19.6	608±175	95.9±35.1
20~40	4.50±0.51	14.1±2.13	264±18	55.0±16.5	441±155	82.4±28.4

土层/cm	pH	有机质/(g/kg)	速效磷/(mg/kg)	速效钾/(mg/kg)	交换性钙/(mg/kg)	交换性镁/(mg/kg)
0~20	4.71±0.63	17.2±3.20	375±28	67.9±19.6	608±175	95.9±35.1
20~40	4.50±0.51	14.1±2.13	264±18	55.0±16.5	441±155	82.4±28.4

叶片类型	年份	处理	磷浓度/(g/kg)	钾浓度/(g/kg)	钙浓度/(g/kg)	铜浓度/(mg/kg)	锌浓度/(mg/kg)
1年生春梢叶	2019年	CK	1.63±0.18a	23.09±2.36a	28.83±4.85a	11.00±1.97a	22.98±2.75a
		Mg/S	1.50±0.17a	24.19±2.75a	31.94±4.94a	13.17±3.89a	27.42±18.86a
		Mg/L	1.43±0.23a	23.58±3.87a	30.25±5.40a	10.48±0.80a	24.44±6.58a
	2020年	CK	1.46±0.16a	19.42±1.95a	44.22±7.27a	25.55±1.79a	55.61±17.71a
		Mg/S	1.65±0.31a	17.41±2.86ab	36.50±9.63a	20.32±5.52ab	37.93±6.36a
		Mg/L	1.58±0.22a	15.19±2.12b	41.41±2.81a	14.90±3.36b	37.86±9.14a
2年生春梢叶	2019年	CK	1.24±0.11a	19.07±4.32a	36.07±2.32a	35.66±3.67a	27.07±10.2a
		Mg/S	1.11±0.18a	19.43±2.28a	40.75±2.91a	36.05±5.63a	32.41±8.19a
		Mg/L	1.16±0.17a	19.85±1.30a	37.55±4.51a	32.93±8.38a	26.93±1.44a
	2020年	CK	1.13±0.20a	19.45±1.87a	43.02±7.06a	33.58±13.89a	62.26±6.88a
		Mg/S	1.44±0.27a	16.29±0.9b	50.15±7.30a	30.23±7.37a	62.72±5.14a
		Mg/L	1.33±0.19a	14.80±1.66b	51.48±4.54a	31.38±4.3a	56.92±1.77a

叶片类型	年份	处理	磷浓度/(g/kg)	钾浓度/(g/kg)	钙浓度/(g/kg)	铜浓度/(mg/kg)	锌浓度/(mg/kg)
1年生春梢叶	2019年	CK	1.63±0.18a	23.09±2.36a	28.83±4.85a	11.00±1.97a	22.98±2.75a
		Mg/S	1.50±0.17a	24.19±2.75a	31.94±4.94a	13.17±3.89a	27.42±18.86a
		Mg/L	1.43±0.23a	23.58±3.87a	30.25±5.40a	10.48±0.80a	24.44±6.58a
	2020年	CK	1.46±0.16a	19.42±1.95a	44.22±7.27a	25.55±1.79a	55.61±17.71a
		Mg/S	1.65±0.31a	17.41±2.86ab	36.50±9.63a	20.32±5.52ab	37.93±6.36a
		Mg/L	1.58±0.22a	15.19±2.12b	41.41±2.81a	14.90±3.36b	37.86±9.14a
2年生春梢叶	2019年	CK	1.24±0.11a	19.07±4.32a	36.07±2.32a	35.66±3.67a	27.07±10.2a
		Mg/S	1.11±0.18a	19.43±2.28a	40.75±2.91a	36.05±5.63a	32.41±8.19a
		Mg/L	1.16±0.17a	19.85±1.30a	37.55±4.51a	32.93±8.38a	26.93±1.44a
	2020年	CK	1.13±0.20a	19.45±1.87a	43.02±7.06a	33.58±13.89a	62.26±6.88a
		Mg/S	1.44±0.27a	16.29±0.9b	50.15±7.30a	30.23±7.37a	62.72±5.14a
		Mg/L	1.33±0.19a	14.80±1.66b	51.48±4.54a	31.38±4.3a	56.92±1.77a

年份	处理	单株产量/(kg/株)	单株挂果数	单果重/kg
2019年	CK	62.2±2.5b	47±4ab	1.32±0.18a
	Mg/S	64.7±3.4ab	45±2b	1.44±0.09a
	Mg/L	68.9±3.9a	50±2a	1.37±0.10a
2020年	CK	45.1±1.3b	28±2b	1.63±0.19a
	Mg/S	47.0±4.4b	34±4a	1.39±0.10b
	Mg/L	53.2±2.1a	35±1a	1.54±0.07ab

镁肥施用方式对蜜柚营养状况、产量和品质的影响

Effects of Application Methods of Magnesium Fertilizer on Nutritional Status, Yield and Quality of Honey Pomelo

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年份	处理	氮浓度	磷浓度	钾浓度	钙浓度	镁浓度	铁浓度	锰浓度
2019年	CK	5.44±0.78b	1.21±0.03a	13.73±0.87a	0.63±0.07a	0.54±0.01b	20.99±4.60a	1.28±0.16a
	Mg/S	6.11±0.77ab	1.25±0.0 a	14.08±0.96a	0.64±0.04a	0.57±0.01a	23.84±5.78a	1.28±0.11a
	Mg/L	6.75±0.54a	1.21±0.05a	14.37±1.12a	0.62±0.05a	0.57±0.01a	24.11±5.20a	1.34±0.11a
2020年	CK	7.05±0.25b	1.51±0.18a	15.87±0.31a	0.88±0.17a	0.63±0.02b	21.91±7.66a	3.12±0.34a
	Mg/S	7.45±0.17a	1.42±0.13a	16.09±0.30a	1.02±0.18a	0.66±0.02a	14.96±3.89a	1.18±0.78b
	Mg/L	7.56±0.43a	1.47±0.17a	16.30±0.77a	0.85±0.19a	0.67±0.04a	16.68±4.70a	1.47±0.28b

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