太湖地区稻麦轮作系统有机氮肥替代率的演变特征及其影响因素

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-1032

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (1): 1-6.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-1032

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 下一篇

太湖地区稻麦轮作系统有机氮肥替代率的演变特征及其影响因素

施林林¹^,²(), 柳开楼³, 董林林¹^,², 沈园¹^,², 陈培峰¹^,², 沈明星², 王海侯¹^,²()

¹ 国家土壤质量相城观测实验站，江苏苏州 215155
² 江苏太湖地区农业科学研究所，江苏苏州 215155
³ 江西省红壤研究所，南昌 330046

收稿日期:2022-12-09 修回日期:2023-04-04 出版日期:2024-01-05 发布日期:2023-12-29
通讯作者:
王海侯，男，1979年出生，江苏启东人，副研究员，硕士，主要从事农业废弃物处置研究。通信地址：215106 苏州市吴中区临湖镇东山大道2351号，Tel：0512-65386740，E-mail：wanghaihou@126.com。
作者简介:
施林林，男，1982年出生，江苏通州人，副研究员，博士研究生，主要从事耕地地力提升与低碳绿色发展研究。通信地址：215106 苏州市吴中区临湖镇东山大道2351号，Tel：0512-65386740，E-mail：linls@jaas.ac.cn。
基金资助:
苏州市科技计划项目“生态敏感区HDPE沼液稻田消纳适宜承载量及关键技术研究”(SNG2021015); “苏南地区稻麦周年优质丰产绿色高效技术示范”(SNG2020040)

Evolution Characteristics and Influence Factors of Substitution Rate of Organic Nitrogen in Rice-wheat Rotation System in Taihu Lake Region

SHI Linlin¹^,²(), LIU Kailou³, DONG Linlin¹^,², SHEN Yuan¹^,², CHEN Peifeng¹^,², SHEN Mingxing², WANG Haihou¹^,²()

¹ National Soil Quality Observation & Experiment Station in Xiangcheng, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215155
² Institute of Agriculture Science in Taihu Lake District, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215155
³ Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil, Nanchang 330046

Received:2022-12-09 Revised:2023-04-04 Published-:2024-01-05 Online:2023-12-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

有机肥替代化肥是化肥减量的关键措施。本研究的主要目标是明确太湖地区稻麦轮作体系中有机氮肥替代率的主要限制因素，为提高有机氮肥替代率提供理论基础。依托40 a长期定位观测试验，分别选择不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(NPK)和单施有机肥(OM)3个处理，研究有机氮肥替代率与土壤碳氮关系。其中，化肥采用尿素、过磷酸钙和氯化钾，年均施氮225~300 kg/hm²，年均施磷(P₂O₅)119.4 kg/hm²，年均施钾(K₂O)179.1 kg/hm²；有机肥采用猪粪和菜籽饼，年均折合施氮103.1 kg/hm²，折合施磷(P₂O₅)82.7 kg/hm²，折合施钾(K₂O)70.1 kg/hm²。测定指标包括土壤有机碳、总氮，计算有机氮肥替代率和土壤碳氮比。结果表明，长期施肥提高了土壤有机碳水平，OM、NPK和CK处理土壤有机碳含量可用米氏方程拟合，且前10 a内快速累积、后30 a趋近平衡，平均含量分别为16.8、15.8、15.1 g/kg。长期施肥处理线性提高了土壤总氮含量，OM、NPK和CK处理土壤平均总氮含量分别为1.71、1.64、1.47 g/kg。有机氮肥替代率的时序演变可用分段线性模型拟合，有机氮肥替代率前期略降低后期增加，稻麦两季有机氮肥替代率的时间拐点分别出现在第11年和第15.5年。线性回归分析表明，有机氮肥替代率与土壤总有机碳无显著关系，但与土壤总氮和碳氮比显著线性相关。在太湖地区稻麦轮作系统中，长期施用有机肥可有效提高土壤碳氮库容，具有较高水平土壤有机碳(>17.0 g/kg)是提升有机氮肥替代率的前提，但在有机碳趋近饱和后，土壤总氮和碳氮比是限制有机氮肥替代率提升的主要因素。

关键词: 长期施肥, 稻麦轮作, 有机氮肥替代率, 土壤有机碳, 土壤总氮

Abstract:

Substitution of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer is the key strategy for chemical fertilizer reduction. The main aims are to clarify the main limiting factors of substitution rate of chemical nitrogen with organic nitrogen (SR) in rice-wheat rotation system in Taihu Lake region, and to provide theoretical basis for SR promoting. This study based on the 40 years long-term field experiment, and three treatments were chosen, including no fertilization treatment (CK), chemical fertilization treatment (NPK) and organic fertilization treatment (OM). Urea, superphosphate and potassium chloride were applied in NPK treatment, and the annual average amounts of pure N, P₂O₅ and K₂O were 225-300, 119.4 and 179.1 kg/hm², respectively. Pig manure or oil cake was used in OM treatment, which equaled to 103.1, 82.7 and 70.1 kg/hm². The soil organic carbon (SOC), soil total nitrogen (TN) and SR and soil C/N ratio were calculated as well. The results showed that long-term fertilization promoted SOC level, and the SOC contents of the above three treatments could be fitted by Michaelis-Menten equation. The SOC content in the first decade accumulated rapidly and tended to equilibrate in the last 30 years. The average SOC content was 16.8 g/kg for OM, 15.8 g/kg for NPK and 15.1 g/kg for CK treatment. TN contents of OM, NPK and CK linearly increased with years, and the average TN contents were 1.71, 1.64 and 1.47 g/kg. The dynamics of the SR could be fitted by a piecewise linear model, where the SR decreased slightly at early times but increased at late times, with the threshold years being the 11th and 15.5th years of the rice and wheat seasons, respectively. Linear regulation analysis showed no relationship between SR and SOC, but SR was significantly correlated with TN and C/N ratio. In rice-wheat rotation system in Taihu Lake region, long-term organic fertilization can effectively promote soil carbon and nitrogen pools, and a high level of SOC (>17.0 g/kg) is the premise of improving SR. When the SOC approaches saturation, soil TN and C/N ratio are the main factors limiting the improvement of SR.

Key words: long-term fertilization, rice-wheat rotation, substitution rate of chemical nitrogen with organic nitrogen, soil organic carbon, soil total nitrogen

施林林, 柳开楼, 董林林, 沈园, 陈培峰, 沈明星, 王海侯. 太湖地区稻麦轮作系统有机氮肥替代率的演变特征及其影响因素[J]. 中国农学通报, 2024, 40(1): 1-6.

SHI Linlin, LIU Kailou, DONG Linlin, SHEN Yuan, CHEN Peifeng, SHEN Mingxing, WANG Haihou. Evolution Characteristics and Influence Factors of Substitution Rate of Organic Nitrogen in Rice-wheat Rotation System in Taihu Lake Region[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(1): 1-6.

图/表 5

图1. 长期不同施肥处理土壤有机碳与总氮时序演变 (A)土壤有机碳采用米氏方程拟合，(B)土壤总氮采用一般线性模型拟合。*表示在0.05水平具有显著性，下同

图2. 长期施肥条件下有机氮肥替代率演变

图3. 有机肥替代率对土壤有机碳和总氮的响应

模型	水稻		小麦
模型	R²	P	R²	P
SOC	0.13	0.119	0.01	0.721
TN	0.68	<0.001	0.24	0.034
SOC+TN	0.65	<0.001	0.46	0.012
SOC+TN+SOC:TN	0.69	<0.001	0.51	0.023
C/N	0.43	<0.01	0.43	<0.01

表1. 有机氮肥替代率与土壤有机碳、总氮和碳氮比的线性模型比较

图4. 有机肥替代率对土壤碳氮比的响应

参考文献 32

[1]	HVISTENDAHL M. China’s push to add by subtracting fertilizer[J]. Science, 2010, 5967:801.
[2]	农业农村部新闻办公室. 化肥农药使用量零增长行动目标顺利实现[J]. 粮油与饲料科技, 2021(1):51.
[3]	CHENG H, ZHANG D, HUANG B, et al. Organic fertilizer improves soil fertility and restores the bacterial community after 1,3-dichloropropene fumigation[J]. Science of the total environment, 2020, 738:140345. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140345 URL
[4]	REN F, MISSELBROOK T H, SUN N, et al. Spatial changes and driving variables of topsoil organic carbon stocks in Chinese croplands under different fertilization strategies[J]. Science of the total environment, 2021, 767:144350. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144350 URL
[5]	ALI Shah S A, XU M, ABRAR M M, et al. Long-term fertilization affects functional soil organic carbon protection mechanisms in a profile of Chinese loess plateau soil[J]. Chemosphere, 2021, 267:128897. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128897 URL
[6]	HE F, SHI L, TIAN J, et al. Effects of long-term fertilisation on soil organic carbon sequestration after a 34-year rice-wheat rotation in Taihu Lake Basin[J]. Plant, soil and environment, 2020, 67(1).
[7]	郑福丽, 李国生, 张柏松, 等. 新建大棚番茄有机肥替代化肥的适宜比例及效应[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2021, 27(2):360-368.
[8]	丁维婷, 房静静, 武雪萍, 等. 有机肥替代化肥不同比例对黑土土壤微生物学性质及春麦产量品质的影响[J]. 中国土壤与肥料, 2021(2):44-52.
[9]	YANG Y J, LEI T, Du W, et al. Substituting chemical fertilizer nitrogen with organic manure and comparing their nitrogen use efficiency and winter wheat yield[J]. The journal of agricultural science, 2020, 158(4):262-268. doi: 10.1017/S0021859620000544 URL
[10]	陶玥玥, 金梅娟, 汤云龙, 等. 水生植物堆肥替代部分氮肥提高水稻产量与稻田土壤肥力[J]. 农业工程学报, 2017, 33(18):196-202.
[11]	龚海青, 付海美, 徐明岗, 等. 长期施肥下黑土有机肥替代率变化特征[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2018, 26(9):1398-1406.
[12]	龚海青, 付海美, 徐明岗, 等. 黑土有机氮肥替代率演变及其对土壤有机碳的响应[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2018, 24(6):1520-1527.
[13]	李书玲, 魏丹, 周宝库, 等. 长期定位施肥黑土水溶性有机物组分组成特性研究[J]. 东北农业大学学报, 2012, 43(2):103-107.
[14]	GUO Z, ZHANG Z, ZHOU H, et al. The effect of 34-year continuous fertilization on the SOC physical fractions and its chemical composition in a Vertisol[J]. Scientific reports, 2019, 9(1):2505. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-38952-6 pmid: 30792409
[15]	SHEN M X, YANG L Z, YAO Y M, et al. Long-term effects of fertilizer managements on crop yields and organic carbon storage of a typical rice-wheat agroecosystem of China[J]. Biology and fertility of soils, 2007, 44(1):187-200. doi: 10.1007/s00374-007-0194-x URL
[16]	徐明岗, 梁国庆, 张夫道, 等. 中国土壤肥力演变[M]. 北京: 中国农业科学技术出版社, 2015.
[17]	鲁如坤. 土壤农业化学分析方法[M]. 北京: 中国农业科学技术出版社, 2000.
[18]	ZHANG W, XU M, WANG X, et al. Effects of organic amendments on soil carbon sequestration in paddy fields of subtropical China[J]. Journal of soils and sediments, 2012, 12(4):457-470. doi: 10.1007/s11368-011-0467-8 URL
[19]	DEVÊVRE O C, HORWÁTH W R. Decomposition of rice straw and microbial carbon use efficiency under different soil temperatures and moistures[J]. Soil biology and biochemistry, 2000, 32(11):1773-1785. doi: 10.1016/S0038-0717(00)00096-1 URL
[20]	SAHRAWAT K L. Organic matter accumulation in submerged soils[M]. Academic Press, 2003:169-201.
[21]	WANG Y, WU P, MEI F, et al. Does continuous straw returning keep China farmland soil organic carbon continued increase? A meta-analysis[J]. Journal of environmental management, 2021, 288:112391. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112391 URL
[22]	KAMRAN M, HUANG L, NIE J, et al. Effect of reduced mineral fertilization (NPK) combined with green manure on aggregate stability and soil organic carbon fractions in a fluvo-aquic paddy soil[J]. Soil and tillage research, 2021, 211:105005. doi: 10.1016/j.still.2021.105005 URL
[23]	LI H, FENG W T, HE X H, et al. Chemical fertilizers could be completely replaced by manure to maintain high maize yield and soil organic carbon (SOC) when SOC reaches a threshold in the Northeast China Plain[J]. Journal of integrative agriculture, 2017, 16(4):937-946. doi: 10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61559-9 URL
[24]	张福锁, 王激清, 张卫峰, 等. 中国主要粮食作物肥料利用率现状与提高途径[J]. 土壤学报, 2008(5):915-924.
[25]	赵艳利, 魏晓梦, 吴传发, 等. 不同年限有机栽培对土壤生物固氮活性的影响[J]. 土壤通报, 2021, 52(3):602-610.
[26]	蔡苗, 董燕婕, 李佰军, 等. 不同施氮处理玉米根茬在土壤中矿化分解特性[J]. 生态学报, 2013, 33(14):4248-4256.
[27]	尹思佳, 李慧, 徐志强, 等. 东北典型黑土区旱地耕层土壤肥力指标的纬度变化特征及其关系[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(10):2132-2141. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.10.009
[28]	王才斌, 郑亚萍, 梁晓艳, 等. 施肥对旱地花生主要土壤肥力指标及产量的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2013, 33(4):1300-1307.
[29]	甘海华, 彭凌云, 卢瑛, 等. 广东新会地区耕地土壤肥力指标的时空变异性[J]. 应用生态学报, 2007(7):1464-1470.
[30]	郑永美, 丁艳锋, 王强盛, 等. 起身肥对水稻分蘖和氮素吸收利用的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2008(3):513-519.
[31]	杜金泉. 水稻合理施用穗肥的研究[J]. 作物学报, 1965(4):299-312.
[32]	SIX J, CONANT R T, PAUL E A, et al. Stabilization mechanisms of soil organic matter: Implications for C-saturation of soils[J]. Plant and soil, 2002, 241(2):155-176. doi: 10.1023/A:1016125726789 URL

太湖地区稻麦轮作系统有机氮肥替代率的演变特征及其影响因素

Evolution Characteristics and Influence Factors of Substitution Rate of Organic Nitrogen in Rice-wheat Rotation System in Taihu Lake Region

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 5

参考文献 32

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

关于本刊

作者中心

审者中心

在线期刊

联系我们

[1]	刘新坤, 孙盛凯, 段霄汉, 崔冬梅, 张婷婷, 崔纪超, 朱旭毅, 韩惠芳. 耕作方式对土壤团聚体微生物及有机碳矿化的影响研究进展及展望[J]. 中国农学通报, 2023, 39(7): 88-94.
[2]	祝梦全, 娄运生, 杜泽云, 高安妮, 潘德丰, 郭峻泓. 生物炭配施硅肥对增温稻麦轮作农田CH₄和N₂O排放强度的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2023, 39(26): 98-108.
[3]	魏猛, 赵鹏, 贾志航, 蒋薇, 张佳, 唐忠厚, 张爱君. 长期不同施肥对光合碳在甘薯-土壤系统中分配的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2023, 39(15): 85-91.
[4]	高琳琳, 王陈丝丝, 张宁, 胡含秀, 马友华. 石灰配施有机物料对稻麦轮作土壤镉影响研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2022, 38(3): 81-86.
[5]	赵天鑫, 俄胜哲, 袁金华, 王钰轩, 姚佳璇. 土壤中钙与有机碳之间相互作用的研究进展与展望[J]. 中国农学通报, 2022, 38(14): 77-81.
[6]	任慧, 丁磊, 赵财. 不同冬季覆盖作物轮作对农田土壤碳氮影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2021, 37(35): 57-64.
[7]	朱锟恒, 段良霞, 李元辰, 李振炜. 土壤团聚体有机碳研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2021, 37(21): 86-90.
[8]	张君, 潘志华, 段玉, 赵沛义, 王博, 李焕春, 连海飞. 长期定位轮作施肥对马铃薯产量和水肥利用效率的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2020, 36(4): 36-43.
[9]	王卫霞, 杜杰, 刘晓菊, 刘景, 杨玉萍, 崔倩. 火干扰对喀纳斯泰加林土壤有机碳的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2020, 36(1): 112-116.
[10]	李玮,陈欢,曹承富,乔玉强,杜世州,赵竹,张存岭. 不同施肥模式对砂姜黑土团聚体特征及有机碳的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2019, 35(32): 64-72.
[11]	葛超楠,刘荣杰,罗宝杰,岑汤校,史努益,胡元元. 长期不同施肥方式对淡涂泥土水稻产量和基础地力的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2019, 35(3): 1-5.
[12]	谢娜,冯备战,李春亮. 不同土地利用方式土壤有机碳变化特征及与重金属的相关性分析[J]. 中国农学通报, 2019, 35(26): 115-120.
[13]	卢韦,王小利,邬磊,徐虎,李渝,刘彦伶. 长期施肥条件下黄壤有机碳矿化对温度变化的响应[J]. 中国农学通报, 2019, 35(25): 101-107.
[14]	裴蓓,高国荣. 凋落物分解对森林土壤碳库影响的研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2018, 34(26): 58-64.
[15]	黄石德,黄龙为,李建民,黄雍容,黄锦祥,朱洪如. 不同生态恢复措施对紫色土活性有机碳的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2018, 34(18): 107-113.