生物炭配施硅肥对增温稻麦轮作农田CH4和N2O排放强度的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0760

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (26): 98-108.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0760

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇下一篇

生物炭配施硅肥对增温稻麦轮作农田CH₄和N₂O排放强度的影响

祝梦全¹^,²(), 娄运生¹^,²(), 杜泽云², 高安妮², 潘德丰², 郭峻泓²

¹ 南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心，南京 210044
² 南京信息工程大学江苏省农业气象重点实验室，南京 210044

收稿日期:2022-09-01 修回日期:2022-11-05 出版日期:2023-09-15 发布日期:2023-09-11
通讯作者: 娄运生，男，1968年出生，河南商丘人，教授，博士，主要从事气候变化影响及应对、农业气象方面的研究。通信地址：210044 江苏省南京市浦口区宁六路219号，Tel：025-58731193，E-mail：yslou@nuist.edu.cn。
作者简介:
祝梦全，男，1998年出生，安徽亳州人，硕士研究生，主要从事气候变化与农业气象方面的研究。通信地址：210044 江苏省南京市浦口区宁六路219号，Tel：025-58731193，E-mail：20211234017@nuist.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目“施硅调控增温稻-麦土壤CH4和N2O排放及其作用机制”(41875177)

Effects of Biochar Combined with Silicate Fertilization on CH₄ and N₂O Emission Intensity in Rice-wheat Rotation Field under Nighttime Warming

ZHU Mengquan¹^,²(), LOU Yunsheng¹^,²(), DU Zeyun², GAO Anni², PAN Defeng², GUO Junhong²

¹ Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044
² Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044

Received:2022-09-01 Revised:2022-11-05 Published-:2023-09-15 Online:2023-09-11

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

夜间增温幅度大于白天是气候变暖的主要特征之一。夜间增温、施硅或生物炭对单一作物（水稻或小麦）生产的影响已有报道，但三者耦合如何影响稻麦轮作农田CH₄和N₂O排放强度，尚不清楚。通过田间模拟试验研究了夜间增温下生物炭配施硅肥对稻麦轮作农田产量和碳排放强度的影响。采用3因素3水平正交试验设计，用铝箔膜覆盖水稻冠层模拟夜间增温(19:00—6:00)，设常温对照（不盖膜，W0）、覆盖5 mm膜(W1)和覆盖11 mm膜(W2) 3水平；生物炭用量设3水平，即不施生物炭(B0)、施 10 t/hm² (B1)和施25 t/hm² (B2)；硅肥设不施硅(Si0)、施钢渣(Si1)和施矿粉(Si2) 3水平，施硅量均为0.2 t SiO₂/hm²。结果表明：夜间增温明显降低水稻和小麦产量，施生物炭明显提高水稻和小麦产量。夜间增温、施用矿粉或生物炭明显降低农田CH₄累积排放量、综合增温潜势(SGWP)和碳排放强度(GHGI)。稻麦轮作农田综合增温潜势(SGWP)中水稻贡献明显大于小麦，CH₄排放在SGWP中起主导作用。三因素对水稻SGWP和GHGI的影响，均为B>Si>W，对小麦SGWP和GHGI的影响，均为Si>B>W。研究认为，夜间增温下为稳定稻麦产量，同时减少稻麦轮作农田CH₄和N₂O排放的最佳处理组合为施0.2 t SiO₂/hm²矿粉和25 t/hm²生物炭。

关键词: 夜间增温, 生物炭, 硅肥, 稻麦轮作, 温室气体排放强度

Abstract:

One of the main characteristics of climate warming is that the nighttime warming is larger than the daytime warming. The effect of nighttime warming, silicate application or biochar addition on the production of single crop (rice or wheat) was available, but the coupled effects of the three factors on the emission intensity of CH₄ and N₂O in rice-wheat rotation field were still unclear. A field simulation experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of biochar with silicate supply on the yield of rice and wheat, CH₄ and N₂O emission under nighttime warming. An orthogonal experimental design with three-factor and three-level was adopted in this study. The rice and wheat canopy was covered with aluminum foil to simulate nighttime warming (19:00—6:00). Nighttime warming was set at 3 levels, i.e. W0 (ambient temperature, control), W1 (covered with 5 mm aluminum foil film) and W2 (covered with 11 mm aluminum foil film); biochar was amended at 3 levels, i.e. B0 (control), B1 (10 t/hm² biochar) and B2 (25 t/hm² biochar); silicate fertilizer was added at 3 levels, i.e. control (Si0), Si1 (steel slag powder at 0.2 t SiO₂/hm²) and Si2 (mineral powder at 0.2 t SiO₂/hm²). The results showed that the yield of rice and wheat decreased under nighttime warming, but obviously increased with biochar amendment. Nighttime warming, applying mineral powder and biochar inhibited the cumulative emission of CH₄, and reduced the total warming potential (SGWP) and greenhouse gases (CH₄ and N₂O) intensity (GHGI) in rice-wheat field. The rice production contributed more to the SGWP than wheat production, and CH₄emission played a dominant role in the SGWP. Effects of the three factors on the SGWP and the GHGI in rice field were in the sequence of B>Si>W, and in the order of Si>B>W in wheat field. This study suggested that applying 0.2 t/hm² mineral powder and 25 t/hm² biochar were the best treatment (factor combination) to stabilize rice and wheat production, and simultaneously reduced the emission of CH₄ and N₂O under nighttime warming.

Key words: nighttime warming, biochar, silicate, rice-wheat rotation, GHGI

祝梦全, 娄运生, 杜泽云, 高安妮, 潘德丰, 郭峻泓. 生物炭配施硅肥对增温稻麦轮作农田CH₄和N₂O排放强度的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2023, 39(26): 98-108.

ZHU Mengquan, LOU Yunsheng, DU Zeyun, GAO Anni, PAN Defeng, GUO Junhong. Effects of Biochar Combined with Silicate Fertilization on CH₄ and N₂O Emission Intensity in Rice-wheat Rotation Field under Nighttime Warming[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(26): 98-108.

图/表 15

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处理	水稻产量	小麦产量
W0B0Si0	12.29	2.36
W0B1Si1	14.96	7.10
W0B2Si2	10.60	9.16
W1B0Si1	5.51	4.96
W1B1Si2	14.11	4.12
W1B2Si0	19.20	5.88
W2B0Si2	12.74	2.75
W2B1Si0	9.54	5.82
W2B2Si1	14.07	4.70

处理	水稻产量	小麦产量
W0B0Si0	12.29	2.36
W0B1Si1	14.96	7.10
W0B2Si2	10.60	9.16
W1B0Si1	5.51	4.96
W1B1Si2	14.11	4.12
W1B2Si0	19.20	5.88
W2B0Si2	12.74	2.75
W2B1Si0	9.54	5.82
W2B2Si1	14.07	4.70

处理	水稻产量	小麦产量
夜间增温 W	0.01	1.39
施生物炭 B	13.38	46.29^*
施硅肥 Si	0.09	1.10

处理	水稻产量	小麦产量
夜间增温 W	0.01	1.39
施生物炭 B	13.38	46.29^*
施硅肥 Si	0.09	1.10

类别	处理	分蘖期		拔节—孕穗期		抽穗—扬花期		灌浆—成熟期		全生育期
类别	处理	排放量/ (mg/m²)	占比/ %	排放量/ (mg/m²)	占比/ %	排放量/ (mg/m²)	占比/ %	排放量/ (mg/m²)	占比/ %	排放量/(mg/m²)
水稻	W0B0Si0	12727.74	45.61	609.77	2.19	11592.09	41.54	2977.55	10.67	20907.15
	W0B1Si1	6110.26	22.73	1331.01	4.95	12031.28	44.77	7403.53	27.55	26876.08
	W0B2Si2	3276.83	29.37	-28.99	-0.26	4113.35	36.86	3797.73	34.03	11158.91
	W1B0Si1	5983.17	23.72	2244.28	8.90	12407.80	49.19	4587.04	18.19	25222.30
	W1B1Si2	2532.96	59.60	-166.80	-3.92	1499.68	35.29	383.98	9.04	4249.82
	W1B2Si0	4599.14	15.94	1149.57	3.98	12739.41	44.16	10361.79	35.92	28849.91
	W2B0Si2	6976.05	20.21	1872.78	5.42	9901.47	28.68	15774.92	45.69	34525.22
	W2B1Si0	2449.99	18.83	-98.86	-0.76	6285.48	48.30	4376.02	33.63	13012.63
	W2B2Si1	-674.32	-61.82	979.63	89.81	-37.63	-3.45	823.11	75.46	1090.80
小麦	W0B0Si0	/	/	-1759.50	-1185.68	-506.38	-341.24	2414.28	1626.91	148.40
	W0B1Si1	/	/	-35.51	-0.51	339.84	4.88	6665.29	95.63	6969.61
	W0B2Si2	/	/	-2142.73	39.40	-365.68	6.72	-2929.99	53.88	-5438.40
	W1B0Si1	/	/	-1850.31	-55.50	-142.64	-4.28	5326.60	159.78	3333.66
	W1B1Si2	/	/	611.94	2107.87	62.98	216.94	-645.89	-2224.81	29.03
	W1B2Si0	/	/	-1279.98	-111.15	-623.45	-54.14	3055.00	265.29	1151.57
	W2B0Si2	/	/	674.11	58.59	130.85	11.37	345.49	30.03	1150.45
	W2B1Si0	/	/	-2124.72	110.53	213.10	-11.09	-10.74	0.56	-1922.36
	W2B2Si1	/	/	-84.42	-3.46	-268.54	-10.99	2795.76	114.45	2442.80

生物炭配施硅肥对增温稻麦轮作农田CH₄和N₂O排放强度的影响

Effects of Biochar Combined with Silicate Fertilization on CH₄ and N₂O Emission Intensity in Rice-wheat Rotation Field under Nighttime Warming

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类别	因素	分蘖期	拔节—孕穗期	抽穗—扬花期	灌浆—成熟期	全生育期
水稻	夜间增温 W	5.20	0.19	0.35	0.06	0.92
	施生物炭 B	21.53*	1.52	0.71	0.15	0.56
	施硅肥 Si	2.25	1.18	0.49	0.06	0.88
小麦	夜间增温 W	/	0.16	1.98	0.74	0.06
	施生物炭 B	/	0.11	17.55	0.70	0.34
	施硅肥 Si	/	0.55	2.53	5.18	1.81

类别	因素	分蘖期	拔节—孕穗期	抽穗—扬花期	灌浆—成熟期	全生育期
水稻	夜间增温W	0.47	0.85	0.33	3.85	7.70
	施生物炭B	0.05	4.69	0.02	4.11	25.29*
	施硅肥Si	0.41	2.27	0.35	0.68	14.46
小麦	夜间增温W	/	0.85	1.55	0.01	0.75
	施生物炭B	/	0.17	1.19	0.74	2.43
	施硅肥Si	/	0.24	1.90	2.22	3.79

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[2]	马珮瑶, 邓志华, 向萍, 李碧青. 2000—2021年废弃物生物炭应用领域研究进展与前沿分析[J]. 中国农学通报, 2023, 39(3): 61-70.
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[4]	刘金灵, 张亚茹, 王宇光, 耿贵. 生物炭对土壤微生物影响的研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2023, 39(26): 60-66.
[5]	杨茂琪, 郭晓雯, 周永学, 郭慧娟, 闵伟. 棉秆和生物炭还田对棉田土壤理化性质及棉花水氮利用率的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2023, 39(26): 76-85.
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[7]	李伟征, 陈娟, 江赜伟, 杨士红. 节水灌溉与生物炭施用对稻田生态系统CO₂净通量日变化的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2023, 39(11): 74-79.
[8]	王丽娜, 杨瑛, 杜苏. 生物炭施入对盐碱土壤影响的研究现状[J]. 中国农学通报, 2022, 38(8): 81-87.
[9]	高琳琳, 王陈丝丝, 张宁, 胡含秀, 马友华. 石灰配施有机物料对稻麦轮作土壤镉影响研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2022, 38(3): 81-86.
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[11]	涂玉婷, 黄继川, 吴雪娜, 廖伟杰, 彭智平. 生物炭-过氧化钙复合颗粒缓解番茄幼苗酚酸化感胁迫效应的研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2021, 37(8): 39-47.
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[13]	戴林建, 陈昱安, 刘晨祥, 钟军. 氰氨化钙及其与生物炭和饼肥配施对植烟土壤酶活性与微生物总量的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2021, 37(34): 97-102.
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类别	处理	分蘖期		拔节—孕穗期		抽穗—扬花期		灌浆—成熟期		全生育期
类别	处理	排放量/ (mg/m²)	占比/ %	排放量/ (mg/m²)	占比/ %	排放量/ (mg/m²)	占比/ %	排放量/ (mg/m²)	占比/ %	排放量/ (mg/m²)
水稻	W0B0Si0	598.01	60.53	61.64	6.24	503.49	50.96	-175.18	-17.73	987.95
	W0B1Si1	-280.43	-18.93	56.04	3.78	934.37	63.06	771.82	52.09	1481.80
	W0B2Si2	158.02	-24.51	-184.90	28.68	-658.47	102.12	40.55	-6.29	-644.80
	W1B0Si1	1252.67	279.47	-89.48	-19.96	-509.61	-113.69	-205.36	-45.82	448.23
	W1B1Si2	640.75	114.33	71.61	12.78	-210.46	-37.55	58.56	10.45	560.45
	W1B2Si0	443.34	227.00	-4.75	-2.43	284.73	145.79	-528.02	-270.36	195.30
	W2B0Si2	-521.25	-109.53	0.81	0.17	403.47	84.78	592.85	124.58	475.88
	W2B1Si0	1084.83	56.86	159.49	8.36	32.90	1.72	630.58	33.05	1907.80
	W2B2Si1	259.27	27.27	-23.33	-0.02	734.05	0.77	-19.40	-0.02	950.59
小麦	W0B0Si0	/	/	1735.05	49.59	397.76	11.37	1366.14	39.04	3498.95
	W0B1Si1	/	/	1055.17	31.98	692.84	21.00	1551.63	47.02	3299.64
	W0B2Si2	/	/	608.03	30.53	329.45	16.54	1053.96	52.92	1991.44
	W1B0Si1	/	/	-528.33	-76.88	623.07	90.67	592.45	86.21	687.19
	W1B1Si2	/	/	91.38	-67.12	218.37	-160.38	-445.90	327.50	-136.15
	W1B2Si0	/	/	-249.99	-4.88	1533.89	29.97	3834.50	74.92	5118.40
	W2B0Si2	/	/	-350.96	-108.09	29.31	9.03	646.33	199.07	324.68
	W2B1Si0	/	/	-589.20	-32.89	331.43	18.50	2049.38	114.39	1791.61
	W2B2Si1	/	/	1905.21	56.41	460.82	13.65	1011.18	29.94	3377.21

类别	处理	分蘖期		拔节—孕穗期		抽穗—扬花期		灌浆—成熟期		全生育期
类别	处理	排放量/ (mg/m²)	占比/ %	排放量/ (mg/m²)	占比/ %	排放量/ (mg/m²)	占比/ %	排放量/ (mg/m²)	占比/ %	排放量/ (mg/m²)
水稻	W0B0Si0	598.01	60.53	61.64	6.24	503.49	50.96	-175.18	-17.73	987.95
	W0B1Si1	-280.43	-18.93	56.04	3.78	934.37	63.06	771.82	52.09	1481.80
	W0B2Si2	158.02	-24.51	-184.90	28.68	-658.47	102.12	40.55	-6.29	-644.80
	W1B0Si1	1252.67	279.47	-89.48	-19.96	-509.61	-113.69	-205.36	-45.82	448.23
	W1B1Si2	640.75	114.33	71.61	12.78	-210.46	-37.55	58.56	10.45	560.45
	W1B2Si0	443.34	227.00	-4.75	-2.43	284.73	145.79	-528.02	-270.36	195.30
	W2B0Si2	-521.25	-109.53	0.81	0.17	403.47	84.78	592.85	124.58	475.88
	W2B1Si0	1084.83	56.86	159.49	8.36	32.90	1.72	630.58	33.05	1907.80
	W2B2Si1	259.27	27.27	-23.33	-0.02	734.05	0.77	-19.40	-0.02	950.59
小麦	W0B0Si0	/	/	1735.05	49.59	397.76	11.37	1366.14	39.04	3498.95
	W0B1Si1	/	/	1055.17	31.98	692.84	21.00	1551.63	47.02	3299.64
	W0B2Si2	/	/	608.03	30.53	329.45	16.54	1053.96	52.92	1991.44
	W1B0Si1	/	/	-528.33	-76.88	623.07	90.67	592.45	86.21	687.19
	W1B1Si2	/	/	91.38	-67.12	218.37	-160.38	-445.90	327.50	-136.15
	W1B2Si0	/	/	-249.99	-4.88	1533.89	29.97	3834.50	74.92	5118.40
	W2B0Si2	/	/	-350.96	-108.09	29.31	9.03	646.33	199.07	324.68
	W2B1Si0	/	/	-589.20	-32.89	331.43	18.50	2049.38	114.39	1791.61
	W2B2Si1	/	/	1905.21	56.41	460.82	13.65	1011.18	29.94	3377.21