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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (9): 85-91.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0336

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

模拟降雨对稻田氮素损失修复效果的影响研究

苗欢(), 乔云发, 李清, 苗淑杰()   

  1. 南京信息工程大学应用气象学院，南京 210044
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-21 修回日期:2022-07-22 出版日期:2023-03-25 发布日期:2023-03-23
  • 通讯作者: 苗淑杰，女，1975年出生，黑龙江讷河人，教授，博士，主要从事土壤-作物对气候变化的适应机制研究。通信地址：210044 江苏省南京市浦口区宁六路219号，Tel：025-58731378，E-mail：sjmiao2015@nuist.edu.cn。
  • 作者简介:

    苗欢，女，1998年出生，黑龙江佳木斯人，硕士研究生，主要从事农业气象研究。通信地址：210044 江苏省南京市浦口区宁六路219号，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项资金“稻麦轮作生态系统应对气候变化的影响及适应性技术研究”(BE2022312); 江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项资金“稻麦轮作生态系统应对气候变化的影响及适应性技术研究”(CX(21)3170)

The Responses of Nitrogen Loss from Paddy Field to Simulated Rainfall and Restored Materials

MIAO Huan(), QIAO Yunfa, LI Qing, MIAO Shujie()   

  1. School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044
  • Received:2022-04-21 Revised:2022-07-22 Online:2023-03-25 Published:2023-03-23

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摘要：

为探索减少稻田氮素流失的有效措施，研究暴雨下不同修复方式对稻田氮素流失的影响。采用盆栽试验和人工模拟降雨的方式，设置2个降雨强度(4、80 mm/h)和3个田面水层深度(2、5、8 cm)，选取秸秆还田和生物炭添加2种修复措施，研究了降雨强度与修复措施对雨后和水稻不同生育期稻田氮素流失的影响。结果表明：在相同降雨量条件下，与对照处理(NPK)相比，模拟4 mm/h降雨后，添加秸秆和生物炭处理田面水中的NH4+-N浓度分别降低了15.1%和59.4%，然而，秸秆和生物炭处理田面水中NO3--N浓度略高于对照处理。当短时强降雨(80 mm/h)后，秸秆和生物炭处理田面水中的NH4+-N浓度比对照分别降低55.4%和63.9%，NO3--N浓度比对照分别降低了38.7%和48.1%。在2个降雨强度条件下，田面水中NO3--N和NH4+-N浓度在降雨后第一天最高，随后逐渐降低，在第5天下降至较低水平。总体来看，稻田田面水中NO3--N浓度低于NH4+-N浓度，但两者均随时间延长呈逐渐下降的趋势。暴雨后田面水中NO3--N和NH4+-N浓度随着水层深度的增加而降低。这些结果表明，添加秸秆和生物炭能够有效固持稻田氮素养分，降低养分的流失风险，比较而言，施加生物炭的效果更好。降雨后若延迟排水时间，可有效降低稻田的氮素损失，且施肥后一周是控制氮素流失的关键时期。

关键词: 暴雨, 稻田, 氮素流失, 秸秆还田, 生物炭

Abstract:

To explore effective measures to reduce the nitrogen loss from paddy field, the study was carried out to reveal the response of nitrogen loss from paddy field with different restored materials under heavy rain condition. Based on pot experiment and artificial rainfall simulation, the experiment set up two rainfall intensities (4 and 80 mm/h) and three surface water depths (2, 5 and 8 cm). Straw and biochar were used as restored materials to study the effects of rainfall intensity and restoration measures on nitrogen loss in paddy field with time and at different rice growth stages. The results showed that under the same amount of rainfall condition, after the simulated 4 mm/h rainfall, the concentration of NH4+-N in the surface water with straw and biochar addition was 15.1% and 59.4% lower than that of control treatment (NPK), respectively. However, the concentration of NO3--N in the straw and biochar added surface water was slightly higher than that of the control treatment. After a short-time heavy rainfall (80 mm/h), the concentration of NH4+-N in surface water was decreased by 55.4% and 63.9% by straw and biochar addition, respectively, and the concentration of NO3--N was decreased by 38.7% and 48.1%, respectively. Under the two rainfall intensities, the concentrations of NO3--N and NH4+-N in the surface water were the highest on the first day after rainfall, then began to decrease, and the lowest level was observed on the fifth day. In general, the concentration of NO3--N in the surface water of paddy field was lower than that of NH4+-N, but both of them showed gradual decrease trends with time. The concentrations of NO3--N and NH4+-N in the surface water were decreased with water layer increase after rainstorm. These results indicate that the addition of straw and biochar could effectively retain nitrogen nutrient in paddy soil and reduce the risk of nutrient loss. In comparison, biochar addition is better than straw addition. If the drainage time is delayed after rainfall, the nitrogen loss in the paddy field could be effectively reduced, and one week after fertilization is a critical period to control the nitrogen loss from paddy soil.

Key words: rainstorm, paddy field, nitrogen loss, straw returning, biochar