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中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (26): 76-85.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0772

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

棉秆和生物炭还田对棉田土壤理化性质及棉花水氮利用率的影响

杨茂琪(), 郭晓雯, 周永学, 郭慧娟, 闵伟()   

  1. 石河子大学农学院,新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,新疆石河子 832003
  • 收稿日期:2022-09-05 修回日期:2022-11-17 出版日期:2023-09-15 发布日期:2023-09-11
  • 通讯作者: 闵伟,男,1986年出生,安徽阜阳人,副教授,博士,主要从事土壤肥力与调控方面的研究。通信地址:832003 新疆维吾尔自治区石河子市北五路 石河子大学北苑新区,E-mail:minwei555@126.com。
  • 作者简介:

    杨茂琪,男,1999年出生,甘肃武威人,硕士研究生,研究方向:土壤肥力与养分循环。通信地址:832003 新疆维吾尔自治区石河子市北五路 石河子大学北苑新区,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“生物炭对咸水滴灌棉田土壤硝化反硝化作用的影响与机制”(32160742); 新疆生产建设兵团中青年科技创新领军人才计划“咸水滴灌棉田土壤氨氧化微生物对硝化作用的贡献及机制”(2020CB020)

Effects of Returning Cotton Straw and Biochar to Cotton Field on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Water-nitrogen Utilization Efficiency of Cotton

YANG Maoqi(), GUO Xiaowen, ZHOU Yongxue, GUO Huijuan, MIN Wei()   

  1. Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003
  • Received:2022-09-05 Revised:2022-11-17 Published-:2023-09-15 Online:2023-09-11

摘要:

通过探究棉秆及其生物炭还田对棉田土壤理化性质、硝态氮淋洗及水氮利用率的影响,为干旱区农业资源的合理利用及土壤地力提升提供理论依据。本研究在前期已连续开展了2年(2019—2020年)棉秆及其生物炭还田的基础上进行,试验设置4个处理:不施氮(N0)、施氮(N360)、施氮+秸秆(N360ST)和施氮+生物炭(N360BC);其中氮肥用量为360 kg/hm2,棉花秸秆用量为6 t/hm2,生物炭用量为3.7 t/hm2(与棉花秸秆等炭量)。结果表明:与N0处理相比,N360、N360ST和N360BC处理显著增加土壤孔隙度、全氮、硝态氮淋洗量、棉花株高、总生物量、氮素吸收、籽棉产量和灌溉水利用率;显著降低土壤pH和水分淋洗量。与N360处理相比,N360ST和N360BC处理显著增加土壤总碳、速效钾、速效磷和碳氮比的含量,N360ST处理土壤水分淋洗量和硝态氮淋洗量分别较N360处理增加33.00%和40.16%,而N360BC的硝态氮淋洗量较N360处理降低40.06%。与N360处理相比,N360ST和N360BC处理显著增加棉花总生物量、氮素吸收和籽棉产量;N360ST和N360BC处理灌溉水利用率和氮肥利用率分别较N360处理增加4.24%、11.53%和15.70%、44.58%。棉秆和生物炭还田改变了土壤结构,显著提高土壤养分,降低硝态氮淋洗量的同时,提高氮素吸收量,从而增加籽棉产量和提高水氮利用率。

关键词: 棉秆, 生物炭, 土壤理化性质, 水氮淋洗, 水氮利用率

Abstract:

The effects of cotton straw and its biochar returning on soil physical and chemical properties, nitrate nitrogen leaching, and water-nitrogen utilization rate in cotton fields were studied to provid a theoretical basis for rational utilization of agricultural resources and improvement of soil fertility in arid areas. This study was carried out on the basis of two consecutive years (2019 to 2020) of cotton straw and its biochar returning to the field. There were four treatments in the experiments: no nitrogen (N0), nitrogen (N360), nitrogen application combined with cotton straw (N360ST) and nitrogen application combined with biochar (N360BC) treatments. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 360 kg/hm2, the amount of cotton straw was 6 t/hm2, and the amount of biochar was 3.7 t/hm2 (the equal amount of carbon as cotton straw). The results showed that compared with N0 treatment, N360, N360ST and N360BC treatments significantly increased soil porosity, total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen leaching, cotton plant height, total biomass, nitrogen uptake, seed cotton yield and irrigation water utilization, respectively. However, the soil pH and water leaching amount significantly decreased. Compared with N360 treatment, N360ST and N360BC treatments significantly increased soil total carbon, available potassium, available phosphorus and carbon nitrogen ratio, respectively. Soil water and nitrate nitrogen leaching amount in N360ST treatment increased by 33.00% and 40.16% respectively compared with N360 treatment, while nitrate nitrogen leaching amount in N360BC treatment decreased by 40.06% compared with N360 treatment. Compared with N360 treatment, N360ST and N360BC treatment significantly increased cotton total biomass, nitrogen uptake and seed cotton yield. In addition, the irrigation water use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency of N360ST and N360BC treatments increased by 4.24%, 11.53% and 15.70%, 44.58%, respectively. Cotton straw and its biochar returning to the field changed the soil structure, significantly increased soil nutrients, reduced nitrate nitrogen leaching, and increased nitrogen uptake, thus increasing seed cotton yield and improving water and nitrogen use efficiency.

Key words: cotton straw, biochar, soil physical and chemical properties, water and nitrogen leaching, water and nitrogen utilization efficiency