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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (33): 19-24.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0338

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

拔节期干旱复水对干旱区玉米干物质积累分配的影响

程倩1,2,3(), 丁文魁2,3, 赵福年1(), 张鹏2,3, 李兴宇2,3   

  1. 1 中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所/甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室/中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室，兰州 730020
    2 武威国家气候观象台，甘肃武威 733000
    3 甘肃省武威市气象局，甘肃武威 733000
  • 收稿日期:2023-05-04 修回日期:2023-07-15 出版日期:2023-11-25 发布日期:2023-11-22
  • 通讯作者: 赵福年，男，1987年出生，甘肃武威人，副研究员，博士，主要从事农业气象及气候变化研究。通信地址：730020 甘肃省兰州城关区东岗东路2070号，Tel：15343605708，E-mail：zfn0622@163.com。
  • 作者简介:

    程倩，女，1991年出生，甘肃民乐人，工程师，本科，主要从事农业气象观测、服务和荒漠生态试验研究工作。通信地址：733000 甘肃省武威市凉州区荣宁路87号甘肃省武威市气象局，Tel：0935-5933217，18419555910，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“干旱致灾期作物光、温及CO2适宜阈值变化特征研究”(41275192); 干旱气象科学研究基金项目“春玉米拔节期受旱程度的量化研究”(IAM202117); 干旱气象科学研究基金项目“河西春玉米水分临界期干旱致灾动态过程研究”(IAM202213)

Effects on Dry Matter Accumulation and Distribution in Maize: Drought and Re-watering at Jointing Stage in Arid Area

CHENG Qian1,2,3(), DING Wenkui2,3, ZHAO Funian1(), ZHANG Peng2,3, LI Xingyu2,3   

  1. 1 Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Disaster Reducing of China Meteorological Administration/Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province/Institute of Arid Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Lanzhou 730020
    2 Wuwei National Climatological Observatory, Wuwei, Gansu 733000
    3 Wuwei Meteorological Bureau, Wuwei, Gansu 733000
  • Received:2023-05-04 Revised:2023-07-15 Published-:2023-11-25 Online:2023-11-22

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摘要：

研究干旱区大田玉米拔节期干旱及复水对干物质积累分配的影响，以期为干旱区玉米栽培及节水灌溉提供科学参考。于2016年在甘肃武威荒漠生态与农业气象试验站大田布设试验，以同一品种设置CK（全生育期供水充足的对照处理）、T1（拔节期控水处理）、T2（拔节期控水-复水处理）3种处理，用对比分析的方法比较不同处理下玉米干物质分配与转移的差异。分析发现，干旱致使干物质积累速度减小（T1处理在拔节期、抽雄期、乳熟期的干物质积累速度分别较CK处理减小22.14%、32.66%、40.43%）；最终使得干物质积累总量减小（T1处理在拔节期、抽雄期、乳熟期的单株干物质积累量分别较CK处理减小21.62%、27.52%、34.39%），拔节期干旱后复水使生物量有所增加（抽雄期、乳熟期、成熟期地上干物质积累量T2分别较T1处理增加18.20%、24.13%、20.19%），但不能增加到充足灌水处理的水平。同时，干旱抑制其他器官干物质向果穗转移，乳熟期、成熟期干物质在果穗中的分配比例均为CK>T2>T1，干旱后复水虽然存在补偿效应，减轻了干旱对干物质转移的影响，但是干旱对玉米干物质积累仍存在不可逆的影响。

关键词: 玉米, 拔节期, 干旱, 复水, 干物质

Abstract:

This study focuses on the impact of drought and re-watering on dry matter accumulation and distribution during the jointing stage of maize in arid areas, in order to provide a scientific reference for the growing and water-saving irrigation of maize in arid areas. In 2016, a field experiment was carried out at dessert ecological and agricultural meteorological station of Wuwei in Gansu Province. Three treatments were set with the same variety, including CK (control treatment with sufficient water supply in the whole growth period), T1 (water control treatment at jointing stage), and T2 (water control-re-watering treatment at jointing stage). The differences of dry matter distribution and transfer in maize under different treatments were compared by comparative analysis. The results showed that drought reduced dry matter accumulation rate (compared with CK treatment, the dry matter accumulation rate of T1 treatment decreased by 22.14%, 32.66% and 40.43% at the jointing stage, tasseling stage and milking stage); finally, the total dry matter accumulation was reduced (compared with CK treatment, the dry matter accumulation of a single plant of T1 treatment at the jointing stage, tasseling stage and milking stage was decreased by 21.62%, 27.52% and 34.39%); the biomass was increased due to re-watering after drought at jointing stage (dry matter accumulation of T2 treatment at tasseling stage, milking stage and maturity stage was increased by 18.20%, 24.13% and 20.19% compared with T1 treatment), but it could not be increased to the level of sufficient irrigation treatment. In addition, drought inhibited transfer of dry matter from other organs to ear, and the distribution ratio of dry matter in ear at the milking stage and maturity stage was CK>T2>T1. Although the compensation effect of re-watering after drought reduced the impact of drought on dry matter transfer, drought still had an irreversible impact on dry matter accumulation of maize.

Key words: maize, jointing, drought, re-watering, dry matter