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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (35): 118-124.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0522

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

陕西秦岭北麓猕猴桃果园不同生长阶段小气候时空特征

张维敏1,2(), 王景红3(), 柏秦凤1,2   

  1. 1 陕西省农业遥感与经济作物气象服务中心，西安 710016
    2 陕西省气象局秦岭和黄土高原生态环境气象重点实验室，西安 710016
    3 陕西省气候中心，西安 710014
  • 收稿日期:2023-07-19 修回日期:2023-09-21 出版日期:2023-12-11 发布日期:2023-12-11
  • 通讯作者:
    王景红，女，1968年出生，陕西安康人，正研，硕士，主要从事气候变化研究。通信地址：710014 陕西省西安市莲湖区北关正街36号 气象大厦14楼，Tel：029-81619200，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    张维敏，女，1985年出生，陕西大荔人，高工，硕士研究生，主要从事农业气象服务与研究工作。通信地址：710016 陕西省西安市未央区未央路102-1号人影楼4楼 陕西省农业遥感与经济作物气象服务中心，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD1002202)

Spatio-Temporal Characteristic of Microclimate in Kiwifruit Orchard at Different Growth Stages at the Northern Foothills of Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province

ZHANG Weimin1,2(), WANG Jinghong3(), BAI Qinfeng1,2   

  1. 1 Shaanxi Meteorological Service Center of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Economic Crops, Xi’an 710016
    2 Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Meteorology of Qinling Mountains and Loess Plateau of Shaanxi Meteorological Bureau,Xi’an 710016
    3 Shaanxi Climate Center, Xi’an 710014
  • Received:2023-07-19 Revised:2023-09-21 Published-:2023-12-11 Online:2023-12-11

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摘要：

基于2020年5月—2022年12月陕西秦岭北麓周至县佰瑞猕猴桃研究院猕猴桃小气候观测数据，分析了猕猴桃果园内不同生长阶段的小气候特征。研究表明，猕猴桃果园内太阳总辐射、空气温度日变化均呈单峰曲线，具有昼高夜低日变化特征，总辐射在12:00—13:00、空气温度在15:00—16:00达到最大值；总辐射在生长盛期最强，生长始期次之；生长盛期不同冠层高度处空气温度日最高值最大，始期次之，休眠期最小；生长始期空气温度日较差大于生长盛期和休眠期；7月冠层各垂直高度处温度最高，1月最低；空气相对湿度日变化呈高—低—高的倒“几”字曲线，生长盛期最大，其次是休眠期；10月冠层各垂直高度处相对湿度最高，2月最低；浅层土壤温度变化较深层明显，月变化趋势一致；各土层土壤湿度日变化、月变化均较小。研究猕猴桃园小气候时空特征，以期为研究猕猴桃园能力和物质交换过程中的消长规律和定量关系提供理论依据，从而提高猕猴桃园科学管理水平。

关键词: 陕西, 秦岭北麓, 猕猴桃园, 小气候特征, 生长阶段

Abstract:

Based on the data of kiwifruit microclimate observed by Zhouzhi County Bairui Kiwifruit Research Institute at the northern foothills of Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province from May 2020 to December 2022, the microclimate characteristics of kiwifruit orchards in Zhouzhi at different growth stages were analyzed. The results showed that the diurnal variation of the total solar radiation and air temperature were all unimodal curves, with diurnal high and night low diurnal variation characteristics, and the total solar radiation peaked at 12:00-13:00 and the air temperature peaked at 15:00-16:00. The total radiation reached maximum at vigorous growth stage and second at initial growth stage. The daily maximum temperature at different canopy heights was the highest at the vigorous growth stage, followed by the initial period and the minimum in the dormant period. The diurnal temperature range at the initial growth stage was larger than that at vigorous growth stage and dormant stage. The temperature at each vertical height of canopy was the highest in July and the lowest in January. The daily variation of humidity showed an inverted“几”curve of high-low-high. Humidity was maximum at vigorous growth stage and the next at dormant stage. The humidity at each vertical height of canopy was the highest in October and the lowest in February. The temperature fluctuation of surface soil was bigger than that of deep soil, and the monthly change trend was consistent; the daily and monthly changes of soil moisture in each soil layer were small. The spatio-temporal characteristics of microclimate in kiwifruit orchard were studied in order to provide theoretical basis for studying the growth and decline law and quantitative relationship in the process of capacity and material exchange of kiwifruit orchard, thus improving the scientific management level of kiwifruit orchard.

Key words: Shaanxi, the northern foothills of Qinling Mountains, kiwifruit garden, microclimate characteristics, growth stage