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中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (3): 1-10.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0080

• 农学·农业基础科学 •    下一篇

河西地区高温对春玉米生长的影响

杨华1,2(), 蒋菊芳1,2(), 丁文魁2, 程倩2, 张金丹2, 徐玉凤2   

  1. 1 中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所/干旱气候变化与影响研究室,兰州 730020
    2 甘肃省武威市气象局,甘肃武威 733000
  • 收稿日期:2022-02-15 修回日期:2022-04-06 出版日期:2023-01-25 发布日期:2023-02-01
  • 作者简介:

    杨华,女,1992年出生,甘肃武威人,工程师,本科,主要从事农业与生态气象观测和研究工作。通信地址:733000 甘肃省武威市凉州区荣宁路87号 武威市气象局,Tel:18293590827,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然基金面上项目“干旱致灾期作物光; 温及CO2适宜阈值变化特征研究”(42175192); 干旱基金“干旱持续期春玉米温度阈值变化特征”(IAM202015); 干旱基金“春玉米拔节期受旱程度的量化研究”(IAM202117); 甘肃省气象局十人计划“干旱区春玉米对干旱的响应及解除机制研究”(GSMArc2019-03)

Impacts of High Temperature on Spring Maize Growth in Hexi Area

YANG Hua1,2(), JIANG Jufang1,2(), DING Wenkui2, CHENG Qian2, ZHANG Jindan2, XU Yufeng2   

  1. 1 Lanzhou Institute of Arid Meteorology of China Meteorological Administration, Arid Climate Change and Impact Research Laboratory, Lanzhou 730020
    2 Wuwei Meteorological Bureau, Wuwei, Gansu 733000
  • Received:2022-02-15 Revised:2022-04-06 Online:2023-01-25 Published:2023-02-01

摘要:

根据河西地区春玉米不同生育期内>30℃日最高气温的积温(AT)和>30℃日最高气温天数(AD)的变化特征,采用气候趋向率、Mann-Kendall检测、Pearson相关分析等方法,进一步分析了在气候变暖背景下河西地区极端高温对春玉米生长的影响。结果表明:1952—2021年河西地区春玉米生育期内气温显著上升,第二生长阶段(花前花后20天)日最高气温明显大于其他生育期,春玉米全生育期、第一生长阶段(播种到开花前11天)、第二生长阶段和第三生长阶段(开花后11天到成熟)日最高气温的气候趋向率分别为0.17、0.19、0.19、0.10℃/10a。近70年河西地区春玉米全生育期ATAD极显著增加,第一生长阶段ATAD的增加趋势明显大于第二生长阶段和第三生长阶段。河西地区春玉米生育期内极端高温对春玉米果穗、茎秆有一定不利影响,但对春玉米产量有极显著的正效应(P<0.01),其中第一生长阶段的极端高温对春玉米产量的影响更显著。河西地区的春玉米品种对第二生长阶段的长期高温具有一定的抗逆性,而且该地区雨热同期且春玉米种植区大部分为灌溉农业区,极端高温引起的土壤水分蒸发和植株冠层温度升高通过降雨和灌溉被降低,从而减轻了高温对春玉米生长的不利影响。

关键词: 河西地区, 极端高温, 春玉米, 生长阶段, 变化特征

Abstract:

According to the variation characteristics of the accumulated temperature above 30℃ (AT) and the accumulated days with the highest daily temperature above 30℃ (AD) in different growing stages of spring maize in Hexi area, the climate trend rate, Mann-Kendall detection and Pearson correlation analysis were adopted, and the effect of extreme high temperature on the growth of spring maize in Hexi area under the background of climate warming was analyzed. The results showed that the temperature increased significantly during the spring maize growth period in Hexi area from 1952 to 2021, and the maximum temperature in the second growth stage (20 days before flowering and after flowering) was significantly higher than that in other growth stages. The climatic trend rate of the maximum daily temperature in the whole growth period of spring maize, the first growth stage (from sowing to 11 days before flowering), the second growth stage and the third growth stage (from 11 days after flowering to maturity) was 0.17, 0.19, 0.19 and 0.10℃/10 years, respectively. In the past 70 years, the AT and AD in the whole spring maize growth period increased obviously, and the increase trend of AT and AD in the first growth stage were significantly greater than those in the second and third growth stage in Hexi area. The extreme high temperature had negative impact on the ear and stalk of spring maize during the spring maize growth period in Hexi area, but it had a very significantly positive effect on spring maize yield (P<0.01), and the extreme high temperature in the first growth stage had a more significant impact on spring maize yield than that in the other two stages. Spring maize varieties in Hexi area had certain resistance to long-term high temperature at the second growth stage. In addition, rain and heat often came at the same time in Hexi area and most spring maize planting areas were irrigated agricultural land, and rainfall and irrigation could reduce the evaporation of soil moisture and the plant canopy temperature increase caused by extreme high temperature, thus alleviating the adverse effects of high temperature on the growth of spring maize.

Key words: Hexi area, extreme high temperature, spring maize, growth stage, changing characteristics